During a PV system inspection, an installer notices that the rapid shutdown system fails to de-energize the array within 30 seconds of initiation. What is the most likely cause based on NEC 690.12 requirements?
With all other environmental parameters being the same, which would be the expected reduction in KM performance of a PV system after an irradiance drop from 810w/m2 to 740w/m2?
Aerial lifts used to hoist equipment and PV modules to roof levels may be field modified for uses other than those intended by the manufacturer with which approval or certification?
A bifacial PV module has a rated power of 350W on the front side and a bifaciality factor of 70%. If the rear side receives 200 W/m² of irradiance, what is the total power output under STC front-side conditions (1000 W /m²)?
A PV module is mounted with a 2-inch standoff from a shingle roof. What is the minimum clearance required for fire access per the International Fire Code (IFC)?
A metal condult containing an array circuit with Vmo of 400Vdc is connected to a metal enclosure at the location where the concentric knockouts have been punched by the manufacturer. Which method of attachment should be used?
