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When a file is flagged as suspicious and sent to the vDefend Advanced Threat Prevention (ATP) cloud for dynamic analysis, it is placed inside a sandbox. The sandbox utilized by VMware vDefend is built on Full System Emulation (FSE), a custom architectural approach originally developed by Lastline (which VMware acquired).
This is a critical distinction from traditional sandboxes. Modern, evasive malware is often "sandbox-aware." It will check its environment to see if it is running inside a standard commercial hypervisor (like standard VMware ESXi, Hyper-V, or KVM). If the malware detects virtualization tools, specific drivers, or CPU flags associated with standard hypervisors, it will remain dormant to avoid detection.
Full System Emulation circumvents this by emulating the entire hardware stack-including the CPU, memory, and peripherals-in software. This means the malware cannot detect that it is being watched. Furthermore, because the emulator acts as the virtual CPU, it has visibility into every single instruction the malware attempts to execute and every memory location it attempts to access. This allows vDefend to detect malicious intent even if the malware uses zero-day exploits, highly obfuscated code, or fileless memory techniques.