最新の[2025年01月01日] 実際に出る検証済みのNPDP問題集 [Q89-Q114]

最新の[2025年01月01日] 実際に出る検証済みのNPDP問題集

合格させるPDMA NPDP試験更新されたのは176問があります

NPDPの認定試験は、充分な準備と学習が必要な厳しい試験です。試験を受験するには、製品開発または関連分野で最低2年の経験が必要です。さらに、製品開発または関連分野で少なくとも60時間のプロフェッショナルな開発を修了している必要があります。

PDMA NPDP試験は、製品開発に関する個人の知識と専門知識を評価します。これには、製品戦略、ポートフォリオ管理、開発プロセス、設計と開発、製品テストなどの主要な製品開発分野に関する質問が含まれています。製品開発業界が進化するにつれて、認定により、製品開発における新しい開発、技術、慣行を反映するために、試験が定期的に更新されるようになります。

 

質問 # 89
New products include:
I. New to the world products or breakthroughs, e.g. personal computer
II. New category entries or platforms, e.g. Intel 386
III. Additions to product lines or enhancements, e.g. Pentium 500mhz

• A. II and III
• B. I and II
• C. I, II, and III
• D. I and III

正解：C

解説：
New products can be classified into several categories:
I. New to the world products or breakthroughs: Innovations that create entirely new markets, such as the personal computer.
II. New category entries or platforms: Products that introduce a company into a new category or market segment, such as Intel's 386 processors.
III. Additions to product lines or enhancements: Incremental improvements or extensions of existing products, such as the Pentium 500MHz processor.
All three categories represent different types of new product development. References: Kotler, P., & Keller,
K. L. (2016). Marketing Management. Pearson; Crawford, C. M., & Di Benedetto, C. A. (2011). New Products Management. McGraw-Hill Education.

質問 # 90
A dairy product manager has discovered a new microorganism that may have significant health benefits (probiotic). The company decides to initiate a significant reseatch program to prove these health benefits. It plans to use the probiotic in a range of product including yogurts, health drinks and instant formula. This is an exapme of what type of strategy:

• A. Technology
• B. Platform
• C. Line extension
• D. Marketing

正解：B

解説：
This scenario describes a platform strategy. By discovering a new microorganism with potential health benefits and planning to use it across a range of products (yogurts, health drinks, and instant formula), the company is leveraging a common technological foundation to create multiple product lines. This approach enables the company to maximize the utility of the new microorganism across different market segments and products, which is characteristic of a platform strategy.

質問 # 91
In the early stages of the new products process there is a lot of uncertainty. These stages are often referred to as ____.

• A. The fuzzy fornt end
• B. Concept generation
• C. Business case development
• D. Concept evaluation

正解：A

解説：
In the early stages of the new products process, there is a lot of uncertainty, and these stages are often referred to as "the fuzzy front end". This term describes the initial phase of the product development process where ideas are generated, explored, and refined before formal development begins. It is characterized by ambiguity and unstructured activities, such as brainstorming, concept development, and preliminary market research. The goal is to clarify and solidify product ideas to transition them into more structured development phases.

質問 # 92
Advantages of product use testing include which of the following?
I. Testing in real customer situations can uncover product strengths and weaknesses that testing in more controlled situations may miss II. Successful product use tests can lead to generate positive word-of-mouth III. Product use testing includes evaluating commercial success IV. Product use testing can be designed to test internal processes like installation and customer service

• A. I, II, III
• B. II, III, IV
• C. I, II, III, IV
• D. I, II, IV

正解：D

解説：
Product use testing has several advantages:
I. Testing in real customer situations can uncover product strengths and weaknesses that testing in more controlled situations may miss: Real-world testing reveals how the product performs in actual use conditions, highlighting practical issues and benefits that controlled environments might not show.
II. Successful product use tests can lead to generate positive word-of-mouth: When customers have a positive experience with a product during testing, they are likely to share their experiences, which can build early market enthusiasm.
IV. Product use testing can be designed to test internal processes like installation and customer service: This ensures that the entire customer experience, not just the product performance, meets expectations.
Evaluating commercial success (III) is not typically part of product use testing; it's more about assessing usability and functionality before full market launch. References: Crawford, C. M., & Di Benedetto, C. A.
(2011). New Products Management. McGraw-Hill Education

質問 # 93
The sing of a mature product development process within an organization is the ability of the orgnization to:

• A. Continously fill the pipeline with new products
• B. Use iterative and risk-limiting steps to facilitate effective and efficient new product development
• C. Develop its own best practices from the various models and experiences
• D. Include and integrate stakeholders and senior management throughout the development process

正解：B

解説：
The sign of a mature product development process within an organization is the ability to "use iterative and risk-limiting steps to facilitate effective and efficient new product development". This involves employing methodologies such as Agile or Lean, which focus on iterative cycles, constant feedback, and incremental improvements to reduce risk and enhance flexibility. Mature processes emphasize continuous learning and adaptation, enabling the organization to manage uncertainties and complexities in product development more effectively.

質問 # 94
What is the pattern in TRIZ problem-solving matrix:

• A. Identify the specific problem first, test a solution with a targeted customer group, generate more prototypes, select speciic solution
• B. First use a general problem with general solution, then select the specific problem to solve
• C. Indentify the specific problem first, then the general problem and identify a general solution before a specific solution
• D. Identify a cross-functional team that can test various product solutions with customers and select the highest rated solution

正解：C

解説：
TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) is a problem-solving methodology that involves identifying and addressing contradictions in a systematic way. The pattern in TRIZ's problem-solving matrix involves:
Identifying the specific problem: Start with the precise issue at hand.
Generalizing the problem: Abstract the specific problem to a more general level to identify underlying principles.
Finding a general solution: Use TRIZ principles to find general solutions to the generalized problem.
Applying the general solution to the specific problem: Adapt the general solution back to the specific context.
This structured approach helps in systematically addressing and solving inventive problems. Reference:
"TRIZ: The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving" by Genrich Altshuller.

質問 # 95
The strategy defined by Miles and Snow for those companies that rapidly follow Prospector companies is________.

• A. Responder
• B. Defender
• C. Reactor
• D. Analyzer

正解：D

解説：
The strategy defined by Miles and Snow for companies that rapidly follow Prospector companies is
"Analyzer." Miles and Snow's typology includes four strategic types: Prospectors, Defenders, Analyzers, and Reactors. Prospectors are the first movers in the market, constantly seeking new opportunities and innovations. Analyzers, on the other hand, operate in both stable and dynamic environments. They cautiously follow the innovations of Prospectors and then efficiently exploit those innovations. They balance the need for stability (similar to Defenders) with the need to adapt to new market opportunities (similar to Prospectors).
References:
Miles, R. E., & Snow, C. C. (1978). Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. Stanford University Press.

質問 # 96
Which of the following questions are answered through product use testing?

• A. Whether the product solves whatever problems led to development of the product in the first place
• B. All of the above are answered through product use testing
• C. Whether or not the product works
• D. Whether the product solves all the problems of the customer

正解：B

解説：
Product use testing helps answer multiple critical questions:
A. Whether or not the product works: Evaluates the functionality and reliability of the product in real-world conditions.
B. Whether the product solves whatever problems led to the development of the product in the first place: Confirms that the product addresses the initial customer needs or issues it was designed to solve.
C. Whether the product solves all the problems of the customer: Assesses the overall effectiveness of the product in providing a comprehensive solution to the customer's problems.
By addressing these questions, product use testing ensures that the product meets customer expectations and performs effectively in its intended use environment. References: Ulrich, K. T., & Eppinger, S. D. (2015).
Product Design and Development. McGraw-Hill Education.

質問 # 97
A company has decided to embard on a high-risk project that is focued on the development of a product outside the traditional boundaries of company operation. What type of team structure would be modst suitable for this type of project?

• A. Lightweight
• B. Functional
• C. Agile
• D. Autonomous

正解：D

解説：
An autonomous team structure is most suitable for high-risk projects focused on developing products outside the traditional boundaries of company operations. Autonomous teams operate independently with high levels of decision-making authority and flexibility, which is crucial for innovative projects that require quick adaptations and unconventional approaches. Reference: Katzenbach, J.R., & Smith, D.K. (1993). The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High-Performance Organization. Harvard Business Review Press.

質問 # 98
Reaserach that involves collectiong information specifally tailored to your need (such as focus groups or surveys) is known as ____:

• A. Primary research
• B. Quantitative research
• C. Qualititative research
• D. Secondary research

正解：A

解説：
Primary research refers to the process of collecting data directly for the specific purpose at hand. This type of research is tailored to meet the unique needs of the researcher and can include methods such as:
Focus groups: Small, diverse groups of people whose reactions are studied to gauge the response to a particular product, service, or concept.
Surveys: Structured questionnaires designed to gather specific information from a targeted audience.
Primary research is essential for obtaining relevant and up-to-date data that addresses specific research questions directly. Reference: "Marketing Research Essentials" by Carl McDaniel and Roger Gates provides an in-depth look at primary research methodologies.

質問 # 99
In a bubble chart Pearls are the potential stars because they have a high potential payoff, but a low likelihood of success.

• A. False
• B. True

正解：A

解説：
In a bubble chart used for portfolio management, "Pearls" are projects that have both high potential payoff and a high likelihood of success. They are typically considered to be excellent investment opportunities due to their promising prospects. Projects with a high potential payoff but a low likelihood of success are typically classified as "Oysters." Thus, the correct answer is B: False.
References:
Cooper, R. G., Edgett, S. J., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (2001). Portfolio Management for New Products.
Basic Books.
Wheelwright, S. C., & Clark, K. B. (1992). Revolutionizing Product Development: Quantum Leaps in Speed, Efficiency, and Quality. Free Press.

質問 # 100
Which of the following are advantages of customer visits?
I. Helps the new product development team to understand customers better II. Face-to-face communication provides more than a phone interview III. Customer visits are one of the best ways of developing a customer viewpoint in team members who usually don't have much customer contact IV. There is a potential for interviewer bias

• A. II, III, IV
• B. I, II, III, IV
• C. I, II, IV
• D. I, II, III

正解：D

解説：
Customer visits have several advantages:
I. Helps the new product development team to understand customers better: Direct interaction with customers allows the team to gain deep insights into customer needs, preferences, and pain points.
II. Face-to-face communication provides more than a phone interview: In-person meetings facilitate richer communication, including non-verbal cues and a deeper understanding of customer context.
III. Customer visits are one of the best ways of developing a customer viewpoint in team members who usually don't have much customer contact: It immerses team members in the customer's environment, fostering empathy and a customer-centric mindset.
While interviewer bias (IV) is a potential disadvantage, it does not count as an advantage of customer visits.
References: Ulrich, K. T., & Eppinger, S. D. (2015). Product Design and Development. McGraw-Hill Education.

質問 # 101
Which of the following might be included in a non-financial scoring model?
I. Ability to leverage core competencies
II. Strategic Alignment
III. ROI
IV. Technical feasibility

• A. II, IV
• B. All
• C. I, II, IV
• D. None

正解：C

解説：
Non-financial scoring models are used to assess project viability based on factors beyond financial metrics:
I. Ability to leverage core competencies: Evaluates if the project utilizes the company's strengths and expertise.
II. Strategic Alignment: Assesses how well the project aligns with the company's strategic goals and long-term vision.
IV. Technical feasibility: Considers whether the project is technically possible and can be implemented with available resources and technology.
ROI (III) is a financial metric and would not be included in a non-financial scoring model. References:
Cooper, R. G. (2001). Winning at New Products: Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch. Basic Books.

質問 # 102
Economic Value Added (EVA) is the before-tax cash flow generated by a business plus the cost of the capital it has deployed to generate that cash flow.

• A. False
• B. True

正解：A

解説：
Economic Value Added (EVA) is a measure of a company's financial performance based on residual wealth, calculated by deducting the cost of capital from the company's operating profit (adjusted for taxes on a cash basis). It represents the value created beyond the required return of the company's shareholders. Therefore, EVA is not simply before-tax cash flow plus the cost of capital, but rather the net result after subtracting the cost of capital from the operating profit.
Thus, the correct answer is B: False.
References:
Stewart, G. B. (1991). The Quest for Value: The EVA Management Guide. HarperBusiness.
Young, S. D., & O'Byrne, S. F. (2000). EVA and Value-Based Management: A Practical Guide to Implementation. McGraw-Hill.

質問 # 103
Which of the following does not describe a pro or con of a Heavyweight Team?

• A. Weak project leader and project focus
• B. Requires depth
• C. Integrated system solution
• D. Strong project focus, commitment and accountability

正解：A

解説：
Heavyweight teams are characterized by their strong project focus, commitment, and accountability. These teams are typically led by strong project leaders who have the authority and resources to drive the project to success. They offer an integrated system solution and require a depth of resources and commitment from the organization. Therefore, a weak project leader and project focus do not describe a heavyweight team.
References: Clark, K. B., & Wheelwright, S. C. (1992). Managing New Product and Process Development:
Text and Cases. Harvard Business Review Press.

質問 # 104
Product design specifications are primarly intended to:

• A. Identify customer needs
• B. Translate qualitative design features into quantitative parameteres
• C. Indentify the core benefit of product
• D. List the tangible features of a product

正解：B

解説：
Product design specifications (PDS) serve as a critical tool in product development by converting qualitative design concepts into quantitative, measurable parameters. This allows for clear communication, testing, and validation of design requirements. By translating subjective design elements into objective criteria, designers can ensure consistency, performance, and manufacturability of the product. Reference: Ulrich, K.T., & Eppinger, S.D. (2016). Product Design and Development. McGraw-Hill Education.

質問 # 105
A weakness of NPV method for assesing projects in portfolio management is that:

• A. It is difficult to detemine accurate cash flow data for projects, especially early in the development process
• B. Projects cannot be rank ordered
• C. NPV doesn't allow for resource allocation
• D. Tools for calculating NPV are not readily available

正解：A

解説：
A significant weakness of the NPV (Net Present Value) method for assessing projects in portfolio management is that it is difficult to determine accurate cash flow data for projects, especially early in the development process. NPV requires detailed and accurate forecasts of future cash flows, which can be challenging to obtain for projects in the early stages of development due to high uncertainty and variability in future performance and costs.

質問 # 106
Cash cows are mature market opportunities. The market is still growing and the huge market share usually means terrific profits.

• A. False
• B. True

正解：A

解説：
"Cash cows" refer to products or business units with a high market share in a mature, slow-growing industry.
These entities generate consistent cash flow and profit due to their dominant market position and established customer base. However, the market for cash cows is typically not still growing significantly; it's mature, which means limited growth opportunities. Thus, saying that the market is still growing contradicts the definition of a cash cow. References: Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing Management. Pearson.
Top of Form
Bottom of Form

質問 # 107
According to the results of 1997 PDMA study that evaluated the use of market research tools in new product development, based upon 383 projects, which of the following was the most essential and used tool?

• A. Survey research, sampling and statistics
• B. Market testing
• C. Customer site visits
• D. Focus panels

正解：A

解説：
According to the 1997 PDMA (Product Development and Management Association) study that evaluated the use of market research tools in new product development, the most essential and commonly used tool among
383 projects was survey research, sampling, and statistics. This tool is crucial because it allows for the collection of quantitative data that can be analyzed to understand market trends, customer preferences, and potential demand for new products. It provides statistically significant insights that help in making informed decisions during the product development process.
Thus, the correct answer is C: Survey research, sampling, and statistics.
References:
Griffin, A., & Page, A. L. (1996). PDMA Success Measurement Project: Recommended Measures for Product Development Success and Failure. Journal of Product Innovation Management.
PDMA (Product Development and Management Association). (1997). PDMA Handbook of New Product Development.

質問 # 108
The House of Quality relates the voice of the customer to the voice of:

• A. Advertising
• B. Manufacturing
• C. Engineering
• D. Marketing

正解：C

解説：
The House of Quality is a part of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) that links the voice of the customer (customer requirements) to the voice of engineering (technical requirements). This tool helps ensure that customer desires are systematically translated into appropriate technical specifications, enhancing the product development process. Reference: Hauser, J.R., & Clausing, D. (1988). The House of Quality. Harvard Business Review.

質問 # 109
Which ideation tool used in new product development generates a graphical output linking various pieces of information, ideas and thoughts?

• A. Delphi technique
• B. Mind-mapping
• C. Brainwriting
• D. Brainstorming

正解：B

解説：
Mind-mapping is an ideation tool used in new product development that visually organizes information, ideas, and thoughts. It helps in structuring brainstorming sessions and capturing the flow of ideas in a graphical format, making it easier to identify relationships and generate new insights. Reference: Buzan, T.
(2010). The Mind Map Book: Unlock your creativity, boost your memory, change your life. BBC Active.

質問 # 110
Which of the following is the best answer regarding the use of financial analysis to evaluate new products?

• A. You can and should generate a sales history for forecasting and financial analysis for a new product
• B. Financial analysis is easy and straightforward for new products - just generate a forecast and calculate an ROI
• C. The same type of forecasts and financial analyses should be used for all project types: new to the world, new to the company, product improvements, platforms, etc. because this consistency results in more accurate analysis
• D. Forecasts and financial analysis should be viewed as a living thing - it evolves and is revised as we learn more about the new product/concept

正解：D

解説：
Financial analysis for evaluating new products is inherently complex and should be approached as an iterative and evolving process. Forecasts and financial analyses are based on assumptions that can change as more information about the product and market becomes available. Treating these analyses as "living" documents allows companies to refine their projections and make more informed decisions throughout the development process. In contrast, viewing financial analysis as straightforward or applying a one-size-fits-all approach to different types of projects can lead to inaccurate and potentially misleading conclusions.
Thus, the correct answer is B: Forecasts and financial analysis should be viewed as a living thing - it evolves and is revised as we learn more about the new product/concept.
References:
Cooper, R. G. (2011). Winning at New Products: Creating Value Through Innovation. Basic Books.
Wheelwright, S. C., & Clark, K. B. (1992). Revolutionizing Product Development: Quantum Leaps in Speed, Efficiency, and Quality. Free Press.

質問 # 111
Concept testing should be accomplished on a new concept primarily for which of the following reasons?

• A. To screen and eliminate poor concepts and help develop the good concepts
• B. To determine whether the new product meets the customer needs and whether the new product is cost-effective for them
• C. To determine whether the product works as expected
• D. To test the combined package of product and its marketing plan to determine the level of success

正解：A

解説：
Concept testing is primarily used to assess new product ideas before significant resources are invested in development. It helps in screening out poor concepts that are unlikely to succeed and refining promising ones by gathering feedback from potential customers. This process ensures that only the most viable and well-received concepts move forward, thus reducing the risk of failure and optimizing resource allocation.
References:
Urban, G. L., & Hauser, J. R. (1993). Design and Marketing of New Products (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall.
Aaker, D. A., Kumar, V., Day, G. S., & Leone, R. P. (2010). Marketing Research (10th ed.). Wiley.

質問 # 112
A unit of work small enough to be completed by the team in one sprint iteration is called?

• A. Scrum
• B. Concept evaluation
• C. TPS
• D. Product backlog item

正解：D

解説：
In Agile development, particularly within the Scrum framework, a unit of work small enough to be completed by the team in one sprint iteration is called a Product Backlog Item (PBI). PBIs represent discrete pieces of work that the team can tackle within a single sprint, typically spanning two to four weeks. They are prioritized by the Product Owner and refined during backlog grooming sessions to ensure they are ready for sprint planning.
References:
Schwaber, K., & Sutherland, J. (2017). "The Scrum Guide". Scrum.org.
Rubin, K. S. (2012). "Essential Scrum: A Practical Guide to the Most Popular Agile Process".
Addison-Wesley.

質問 # 113
The purpose of the Scoping Stage is a quick, preliminary investigation of the project and involves mostly desk (or secondary) research.

• A. False
• B. True

正解：B

解説：
The purpose of the Scoping Stage in the new product development process is to conduct a quick, preliminary investigation of the project. This stage involves mostly desk research (secondary research) to gather initial information about the market, competition, technical feasibility, and potential risks. The goal is to assess the viability of the project before committing significant resources to more detailed development activities.
Thus, the correct answer is A: True.
References:
Cooper, R. G. (2011). Winning at New Products: Creating Value Through Innovation. Basic Books.
Ulrich, K. T., & Eppinger, S. D. (2015). Product Design and Development. McGraw-Hill Education.

質問 # 114
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今すぐ試そう2025年最新の無料更新されたPDMA NPDP試験問題と解答：https://www.goshiken.com/PDMA/NPDP-mondaishu.html

NPDP問題集PDFとテストエンジン試験問題：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1-k6V3KOaD7-PU7mk3Suvi6cqDBMOW10Q