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質問 86
Your company currently has a set of EC2 Instances sitting behind an Elastic Load Balancer. There is a requirement to create an Opswork stack to host the newer version of this application. The idea is to first get the stack in place, carry out a level of testing and then deploy it at a later stage. The Opswork stack and layers have been setup. To complete the testing process, the current ELB is being utilized. But you have now noticed that your current application has stopped responding to requests. Why is this the case.

A. Thisis because the Opswork web layer is utilizing the current instances after theELB was attached as an additional layer.
B. Youhave configured the Opswork stack to deploy new instances in the same domainthe older instances.
C. TheELB would have deregistered the older instances
D. Thisis because the Opswork stack is utilizing the current instances after the ELBwas attached as a layer.

正解: C

解説:
Explanation
The AWS Documentation mentions the following
If you choose to use an existing Clastic Load Balancing load balancer, you should first confirm that it is not being used for other purposes and has no attached instances. After the load balancer is attached to the layer, OpsWorks removes any existing instances and configures the load balancer to handle only the layer'sinstances.
Although it is technically possible to use the Clastic Load Balancing console or API to modify a load balancer's configuration after attaching it to a layer, you should not do so; the changes will not be permanent.
For more information on Opswork CLB layers, please visit the below URL:
* http://docs.aws.amazon.com/opsworks/latest/userguide/layers-elb.html

質問 87
A company has developed a Node.js web application which provides REST services to store and retrieve time series data. The web application is built by the Development team on company laptops, tested locally, and manually deployed to a single on-premises server, which accesses a local MySQL database. The company is starting a trial in two weeks, during which the application will undergo frequent updates based on customer feedback. The following requirements must be met: *The team must be able to reliably build, test, and deploy new updates on a daily basis, without downtime or degraded performance. *The application must be able to scale to meet an unpredictable number of concurrent users during the trial. Which action will allow the team to quickly meet these objectives?

A. Develop an AWS CloudFormation template to create an Application Load Balancer and two Amazon EC2 instances with Amazon EBS (SSD) volumes in an Auto Scaling group with rolling updates enabled. Use AWS CodeBuild to build and test the Node.js application and store it in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use user- data scripts to install the application and the MySQL database on each EC2 instance. Update the stack to deploy new application versions.
B. Configure AWS Elastic Beanstalk to automatically build the application using AWS CodeBuild and to deploy it to a test environment that is configured to support auto scaling. Create a second Elastic Beanstalk environment for production. Use Amazon RDS to store data. When new versions of the applications have passed all tests, use Elastic Beanstalk "swap cname' to promote the test environment to production.
C. Create two Amazon Lightsail virtual private servers for Node.js; one for test and one for production. Build the Node.js application using existing process and upload it to the new Lightsail test server using the AWS CLI. Test the application, and if it passes all tests, upload it to the production server. During the trial, monitor the production server usage, and if needed, increase performance by upgrading the instance type.
D. Modify the application to use Amazon DynamoDB instead of a local MySQL database. Use AWS OpsWorks to create a stack for the application with a DynamoDB layer, an Application Load Balancer layer, and an Amazon EC2 instance layer. Use a Chef recipe to build the application and a Chef recipe to deploy the application to the EC2 instance layer. Use custom health checks to run unit tests on each instance with rollback on failure.

正解: A

質問 88
A company wants to use a grid system for a proprietary enterprise in-memory data store on top of AWS. This system can run in multiple server nodes in any Linux-based distribution. The system must be able to reconfigure the entire cluster every time a node is added or removed. When adding or removing nodes, an / etc./cluster/nodes.config file must be updated, listing the IP addresses of the current node members of that cluster The company wants to automate the task of adding new nodes to a cluster.
What can a DevOps Engineer do to meet these requirements?

A. Put the file nodes.config in version control. Create an AWS CodeDeploy deployment configuration and deployment group based on an Amazon EC2 tag value for the cluster nodes. When adding a new node to the cluster, update the file with all tagged instances, and make a commit in version control. Deploy the new file and restart the services.
B. Create a user data script that lists all members of the current security group of the cluster and automatically updates the /etc/cluster/nodes.config file whenever a new instance is added to the cluster
C. Create an Amazon S3 bucket and upload a version of the etc/cluster/nodes.config file. Create a crontab script that will poll for that S3 file and download it frequently. Use a process manager, such as Monit or systemd, to restart the cluster services when it detects that the new file was modified. When adding a node to the cluster, edit the file's most recent members. Upload the new file to the S3 bucket.
D. Use AWS OpsWorks Stacks to layer the server nodes of that cluster. Create a Chef recipe that populates the content of the /etc/cluster/nodes.config file and restarts the service by using the current members of the layer. Assign that recipe to the Configure lifecycle event.

正解: D

解説:
Explanation
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/opsworks/latest/userguide/workingcookbook-events.html

質問 89
An application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). A DevOps engineer is using AWS CodeDeploy to release a new version. The deployment fails during the AllowTraffic lifecycle event, but a cause for the failure is not indicated in the deployment logs.
What would cause this?

A. The CodeDeploy agent was not installed in the EC2 instances that are part of the ALB target group.
B. The health checks specified for the ALB target group are misconfigured.
C. The user who initiated the deployment does not have the necessary permissions to interact with the ALB
D. The appspec.yml file contains an invalid script to execute in the AllowTraffic lifecycle hook.

正解: B

質問 90
A company is building a solution for storing files containing Personally Identifiable Information (PII) on AWS.
Requirements state:
* All data must be encrypted at rest and in transit.
* Al data must be replicated in at least two locations that are at least 500 miles apart.
Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Create primary and secondary Amazon S3 buckets in two separate AWS Regions that are at least 500 miles apart. Use an IAM role to enforce access to the buckets only through HTTPS. Use a bucket policy to enforce Amazon S3-Managed Keys (SSE-S3) on all objects uploaded to the bucket. Configure cross-region replication between the two buckets.
B. Create primary and secondary Amazon S3 buckets in two separate Availability Zones that are at least
500 miles apart. Use a bucket policy to enforce access to the buckets only through HTTPS. Use a bucket policy to enforce AWS KMS encryption on all objects uploaded to the bucket. Configure cross-region replication between the two buckets. Create a KMS Customer Master Key (CMK) in the primary region for encrypting objects.
C. Create primary and secondary Amazon S3 buckets in two separate AWS Regions that are at least 500 miles apart. Use a bucket policy to enforce access to the buckets only through HTTPS. Use a bucket policy to enforce S3-Managed Keys (SSE-S3) on all objects uploaded to the bucket. Configure cross-region replication between the two buckets.
D. Create primary and secondary Amazon S3 buckets in two separate Availability Zones that are at least
500 miles apart. Use a bucket policy to enforce access to the buckets only through HTTPS. Use a bucket policy to enforce Amazon S3 SSE-C on all objects uploaded to the bucket. Configure cross-region replication between the two buckets.

正解: A

質問 91
You have deployed an application to AWS which makes use of Autoscaling to launch new instances. You now want to change the instance type for the new instances. Which of the following is one of the action items to achieve this deployment?

A. Create new EC2 instances with the new instance type and attach it to the Autoscaling Group
B. Use Cloudformation to deploy the new application with the new instance type
C. Create a new launch configuration with the new instance type
D. Use Elastic Beanstalk to deploy the new application with the new instance type

正解: C

解説:
Explanation
The ideal way is to create a new launch configuration, attach it to the existing Auto Scaling group, and terminate the running instances.
Option A is invalid because Clastic beanstalk cannot launch new instances on demand. Since the current scenario requires Autoscaling, this is not the ideal option Option B is invalid because this will be a maintenance overhead, since you just have an Autoscaling Group.
There is no need to create a whole Cloudformation
template for this.
Option D is invalid because Autoscaling Group will still launch CC2 instances with the older launch configuration For more information on Autoscaling Launch configuration, please refer to the below document link: from AWS
* http://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/latest/userguide/l_aunchConfiguration.html

質問 92
What is the maximum time messages can be stored in SQS?

A. 7 days
B. one month
C. 4 days
D. 14 days

正解: D

解説:
A message can be stored in the Simple Queue Service (SQS) from 1 minute up to a maximum of 14 days.

質問 93
A company that uses electronic health records is running a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances with an Amazon Linux operating system. As part of patient privacy requirements, the company must ensure continuous compliance for patches for operating system and applications running on the EC2 instances. How can the deployments of the operating system and application patches be automated using a default and custom repository?

A. Use yum-config-manager to add the custom repository under /etc/yum.repos.d and run yum- to activate the repository.
config-manager-enable
B. Use AWS Direct Connect to integrate the corporate repository and deploy the patches using Amazon CloudWatch scheduled events, then use the CloudWatch dashboard to create reports.
C. Use AWS Systems Manager to create a new patch baseline including the custom repository.
Execute the AWS-RunPatchBaseline document using the run command to verify and install patches.
D. Use AWS Systems Manager to create a new patch baseline including the corporate repository.
Execute the AWS-AmazonLinuxDefaultPatchBaseline document using the run command to verify and install patches.

正解: D

質問 94
Your company currently has a set of EC2 Instances running a web application which sits behind an Elastic
Load Balancer. You also have an Amazon RDS instance which is used by the web application. You have been
asked to ensure that this arhitecture is self healing in nature and cost effective. Which of the following would
fulfil this requirement. Choose 2 answers from the option given below

A. UseCloudwatch metrics to check the utilization of the databases servers. UseAutoscaling Group to scale
the database instances accordingly based on thecloudwatch metrics.
B. UseCloudwatch metrics to check the utilization of the web layer. Use AutoscalingGroup to scale the
web instances accordingly based on the cloudwatch metrics.
C. Utilizethe Read Replica feature forthe Amazon RDS layer
D. Utilizethe Multi-AZ feature for the Amazon RDS layer

正解: B,D

解説:
Explanation
The following diagram from AWS showcases a self-healing architecture where you have a set of CC2 servers
as Web server being launched by an Autoscaling Group.

The AWS Documentation mentions the following
Amazon RDS Multi-A2 deployments provide enhanced availability and durability for Database (DB)
Instances, making them a natural fit for production database workloads. When you provision a Multi-AZ DB
Instance, Amazon RDS automatically creates a primary DB Instance and synchronously replicates the data to a
standby instance in a different Availability Zone (AZ). Cach AZ runs on its own physically distinct,
independent infrastructure, and is engineered to be highly reliable. In case of an infrastructure failure, Amazon
RDS performs an automatic failover to the standby (or to a read replica in the case of Amazon Aurora), so that
you can resume database operations as soon as the failover is complete. Since the endpoint for your DB
Instance remains the same after a failover, your application can resume database operation without the need
for manual administrative intervention. For more information on Multi-AZ RDS, please refer to the below
link:
https://aws.amazon.com/rds/details/multi-az/

質問 95
A Development team is working on a serverless application in AWS. To quickly identify and remediate potential production issues, the team decides to roll out changes to a small number of users as a test before the full release. The DevOps Engineer must develop a solution to minimize downtime and impact.
Which of the following solutions should be used to meet the requirements? (Select TWO.)

A. Create a rollover record set in AWS Route 53 pointing to the AWS Lambda endpoints for the old and new versions. Configure Route 53 to route 10% of incoming traffic to the new version. As the new version becomes stable, update the DNS record to route all traffic to the new version.
B. Create an Application Load Balancer with two target groups. Set up the Application Load Balancer for Amazon API Gateway private integration. Associate one target group to the current version and the other target group to the new version. Configure API Gateway to route 10% of incoming traffic to the new version. As the new version becomes stable, configure API Gateway to send all traffic to the new version and detach the old version from the load balancer.
C. Create an alias for an AWS Lambda function pointing to both the current and new versions. Configure the alias to route 10% of incoming traffic to the new version. As the new version is considered stable, update the alias to route all traffic to the new version.
D. In Amazon API Gateway, create a canary release deployment by adding canary settings to the stage of a regular deployment. Configure API Gateway to route 10% of the incoming traffic to the canary release.
As the canary release is considered stable, promote it to a production release
E. Create an ELB Network Load Balancer with two target groups. Set up the Network Load Balancer for Amazon API Gateway private integration Associate one target group with the current version and the other target group with the new version. Configure the load balancer to route 10% of incoming traffic to the new version. As the new version becomes stable, detach the old version from the load balancer.

正解: D,E

質問 96
The Development team has grown substantially in recent months and so has the number of projects that use separate code repositories. The current process involves configuring AWS CodePipeline manually, and there have been service limit alerts for the count of Amazon S3 buckets.
Which pipeline option will reduce S3 bucket sprawl alerts?

A. Create a new pipeline and S3 bucket for each project by using the AWS API or AWS CLI to bypass the service limits for S3 buckets in a single account.
B. Create a new pipeline in a different region for each project to bypass the service limits for S3 buckets in a single region.
C. Combine the multiple separate code repositories into a single one, and deploy using a global AWS CodePipeline that has logic for each project.
D. Create new pipelines by using the AWS API or AWS CLI, and configure them to use a single global S3 bucket with separate prefixes for each project.

正解: D

質問 97
A company has a legacy application running on AWS. The application can only run on one Amazon EC2 instance at a time. Application metadata is stored in Amazon S3 and must be retrieved if the instance is restarted. The instance should be automatically restarted or relaunched if performance degrades.
Which solution will satisfy those requirements?

A. Use the auto healing feature in AWS OpsWorks to stop and start the EC2 instance. Use a lifecycle event in OpsWorks to pull the data from Amazon S3 and update it on the instance.
B. Create an Amazon Cloud Watch alarm to monitor the EC2 instance. When the StatusCheckfailed system alarm is triggered use the recover action to stop and start the instance. Use a trigger in Amazon S3 to push the metadata to the instance when it is back up and running
C. Use AWS CloudFormation to create an EC2 instance that includes the user-data property for the EC2 resource. Add a command in user data to retrieve the application metadata from Amazon S3.
D. Use the Auto Recovery feature in Amazon EC2 to automatically stop and start the EC2 instance in case of a failure .Use a trigger in Amazon S3 to push the metadata to the instance when it is back up and running

正解: B

質問 98
Which of the following CLI commands can be used to describe the stack resources.

A. awscloudformationdescribe-stack
B. awscloudformation list-stack-resources
C. awscloudformationdescribe-stack-resources
D. awscloudformation list-stack

正解: B

解説:
Explanation
Answer - C
This is given in the AWS Documentation
list-stack-resources
Description
Returns descriptions of all resources of the specified stack.
For deleted stacks, ListStackResources returns resource information for up to 90 days after the stack has been deleted.
See also: AWS API Documentation
See 'aws help' for descriptions of global parameters.
list-stack-resources is a paginated operation. Multiple API calls may be issued in order to retrieve the entire data set of results. You can disable pagination by providing the -no-paginate argument. When using -output text and the -query argument on a paginated response, the -query argument must extract data from the results of the following query expressions: StackResourceSummaries For more information on the CLI command, please visit the below URL:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/cloudformation/list-stack-resources.html

質問 99
The AWS Code Deploy service can be used to deploy code from which of the below mentioned source repositories. Choose 3 answers from the options given below

A. Subversionrepositories
B. S3Buckets
C. Bit bucket repositories
D. GitHubrepositories

正解: B,C,D

解説:
Explanation
The AWS documentation mentions the following
You can deploy a nearly unlimited variety of application content, such as code, web and configuration files, executables, packages, scripts, multimedia files, and so on. AWS CodeDeploy can deploy application content stored in Amazon S3 buckets, GitHub repositories, or Bitbucket repositories. You do not need to make changes to your existing code before you can use AWS CodeDeploy.
For more information on AWS Code Deploy, please refer to the below link:
* http://docs.aws.amazon.com/codedeploy/latest/userguide/welcome.html

質問 100
A company runs an application with an Amazon EC2 and on-premises configuration. A DevOps engineer needs to standardize patching across both environments. Company policy dictates that patching only happens during non-business hours.
Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

A. Execute an AWS Systems Manager Automation document to patch the systems every hour.
B. Add the physical machines into AWS Systems Manager using Systems Manager Hybrid Activations.
C. Use Amazon CloudWatch Events scheduled events to schedule a patch window.
D. Attach an IAM role to the EC2 instances, allowing them to be managed by AWS Systems Manager.
E. Use AWS Systems Manager Maintenance Windows to schedule a patch window.
F. Create IAM access keys for the on-premises machines to interact with AWS Systems Manager.

正解: B,C,D

質問 101
You need to run a very large batch data processing job one time per day. The source data exists entirely
in S3, and the output of the processing job should also be written to S3 when finished. If you need to
version control this processing job and all setup and teardown logic for the system, what approach should
you use?

A. Model an AWS EMR job in AWS Elastic Beanstalk.
B. Model an AWS EMR job in AWS CloudFormation.
C. Model an AWS EMR job in AWS CLI Composer.
D. Model an AWS EMR job in AWS OpsWorks.

正解: B

解説:
To declaratively model build and destroy of a cluster, you need to use AWS CloudFormation. OpsWorks
and Elastic Beanstalk cannot directly model EMR Clusters. The CLI is not declarative, and CLI Composer
does not exist.
Reference:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-emr-cluster.html

質問 102
A development team manually builds an artifact locally and then places it in an Amazon S3 bucket. The application has a local cache that must be cleared when a deployment occurs. The team executes a command to do this, downloads the artifact from Amazon S3, and unzips the artifact to complete the deployment.
A DevOps team wants to migrate to a CI/CD process and build in checks to stop and roll back the deployment when a failure occurs. This requires the team to track the progression ot the deployment.
Which combination of actions will accomplish this? (Select THREE.)

A. Use AWS CodeBuild to build the artifact and place it in Amazon S3. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the artifact to Amazon EC2 instances.
B. Create a custom script to clear the cache. Specify the script in the Beforelnstall lifecycle hook in the AppSpec file.
C. Set up AWS CodePipeline to deploy the application. Allow developers to check the code into a code repository as a source for the pipeline.
D. Create user data for each Amazon EC2 instance that contains the clear cache script. Once deployed, test the application. If it is not successful, deploy it again.
E. Allow developers to check the code into a code repository. Using Amazon CloudWatch Events, on every pull into master, trigger an AWS Lambda function to build the artifact and store it in Amazon
F. Use AWS Systems Manager to fetch the artifact from Amazon S3 and deploy it to all the instances.

正解: A,C,E

質問 103
A Solutions Architect has a multi-layer application running in Amazon VPC. The application has an ELB
Classic Load Balancer as the front end in a public subnet, and an Amazon EC2-based reverse proxy that
performs content-based routing to two backend Amazon EC2 instances hosted in a private subnet. The
Architect sees tremendous traffic growth and is concerned that the reverse proxy and current backend set up
will be insufficient.
Which actions should the Architect take to achieve a cost-effective solution that ensures the application
automatically scales to meet traffic demand? (Select two.)

A. Use t2 burstable instance types for the backend fleet.
B. Add Auto Scaling to the Amazon EC2 backend fleet.
C. Replace the Amazon EC2 reverse proxy with an ELB internal Classic Load Balancer.
D. Replace both the frontend and reverse proxy layers with an ELB Application Load Balancer.
E. Add Auto Scaling to the Amazon EC2 reverse proxy layer.

正解: B,C

質問 104
When thinking of AWS OpsWorks, which of the following is true?

A. Layers have many instances, instances have many stacks.
B. Instances have many stacks, stacks have many layers.
C. Stacks have many layers, layers have many instances.
D. Layers have many stacks, stacks have many instances.

正解: C

解説:
The stack is the core AWS OpsWorks component. It is basically a container for AWS resources-- Amazon EC2 instances, Amazon RDS database instances, and so on--that have a common purpose and should be logically managed together. You define the stack's constituents by adding one or more layers. A layer represents a set of Amazon EC2 instances that serve a particular purpose, such as serving applications or hosting a database server. An instance represents a single computing resource, such as an Amazon EC2 instance.
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/opsworks/latest/userguide/welcome.html

質問 105
......

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