無料L4M7サンプル問題で100%カバー率のリアル試験問題（更新された257問あります)
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CIPS L4M7（CIPS Whole Life Asset Management）認定試験は、全寿命の資産管理に関与する専門家の知識とスキルを検証するグローバルに認められた認定です。この認定は、調達から処分まで、ライフサイクル全体を通して資産を管理する責任がある個人向けに設計されています。 CIPS L4M7認定は、調達、資産管理、メンテナンス、および処分の分野で働く人々に特に関連しています。
質問 # 57
In just in time production system, when is an upstream production triggered?
- A. When downstream operations summon the upstream production
- B. When the inventory level reaches the reorder point
- C. When the production workers are idle
- D. After the management team forecasts the future demands
正解：A
解説：
Along with Jidoka, Just-in-time (JIT) production is one of the pillars of the two Toyota Production System. It is a production method that fundamentally changed the way large-scale production oc-curred in the 20th century, and is the basis for Lean Manufacturing (Lean for short), which is the school of thought many modern companies have modeled themselves after.
JIT production is often called a pull system because instead of using traditional push production where scheduling is done based on historical data and demand forecasting, production is scheduled based on actual customer orders. Rather than predicting demands from customers, the JIT method requires that actual customer demand exists. Production doesn't begin before an order triggers it. This system not only reduces the amount of extra inventory, but also reduces the amount of work in progress at one time.
Reference:
- Just-in-Time Production
- CIPS study guide page 122-127
LO 2, AC 2.3
質問 # 58
Long-term forecasting of demand using a subjective method is based on a...
- A. Predicted cash flow forecast levels used by the organisation
- B. Method of calculating the price in detail within the supply chain
- C. Qualitative, informal, experience-based, or intuitive method
- D. Quantitative, explicit, statistical, or formal method
正解：C
質問 # 59
Which of the following are recognised as disadvantages of ERP systems? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Required intensive employee training
- B. Only applied to manufacturing
- C. Lower factory efficiencies
- D. High initial investment
正解：A、D
解説：
Excluded inventory records
Explanation:
Implementing a full ERP system is not an easy option. They are complex systems and the disad-vantages include the following:
- The installation of the ERP system is costly. ERP consultants are very expensive take approxi-mately 60% of the budget.
- The success depends on the skills and experience of the workforce, including education and how to make the system work properly.
- Resistance in sharing internal information between departments can reduce the efficiency of the software.
- The systems can be difficult to use.
- Change of staff, companies can employ administrators who are not trained to manage the ERP system of the employing company, proposing changes in business practices that are not synchro-nized with the system.
- Having an ERP system has many advantages, but does not guarantee the total success of the company. Organizational culture, know how to involve staff and anticipate changes that will suffer the organization using this system of administration, are important elements for the completion of the implementation.
- The effectiveness of the ERP system may decrease if there is resistance to share information be-tween business units or departments. Due to strong changes that implementation of the ERP system brings in the culture of work, there may be poorly trained or disinterested in making use of the same staff...
- The benefits of having an ERP system are not presented immediately with the implementation of the software, they will be evident long after the system is running.
- The culmination of the implementation depends on the ability and skill of the workforce, also involves education and training, to make the system is correctly applied.
Reference:
- What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of ERP System
- CIPS study guide page 119-122
LO 2, AC 2.3
質問 # 60
The purchase-order lead time is the...?
- A. Period between placing an order and its delivery
- B. Period between receiving a customer order and delivering the items
- C. Time needed to correct errors in the defective products
- D. Period between receiving a customer order and producing the products
正解：A
解説：
Purchase order lead time (POLT) refers to the number of days from when a company places an order for production inputs it needs, to when those items arrive at the manufacturing plant.
LO 2, AC 2.3
質問 # 61
The term triple bottom line refers to a method for organizations to measure performance in three ways. Which of the following describe the triple bottom line? Select THREE that apply.
* Economic sustainability
* Market sustainability
* Quality sustainability
* Environmental sustainability
* Technological sustainability
* Social sustainability
- A. 1, 3, and 5
- B. 2, 4, and 5
- C. 3, 5, and 6
- D. 1, 4, and 6
正解：D
解説：
The triple bottom line (TBL) framework evaluates organizational performance based on:
* Economic sustainability: Focusing on financial stability and profitability.
* Environmental sustainability: Ensuring that business activities minimize negative ecological impacts.
* Social sustainability: Committing to ethical practices and community well-being.
TBL aligns with whole-life asset management principles by incorporating sustainability into asset use and disposal, ensuring long-term organizational value beyond just financial metrics.
質問 # 62
Which of the following are considerations for the socially responsible aspect of the disposal of goods?
* Ensuring that the public is safeguarded from the short-term and long-term effects of the disposal
* Ensuring that the organisation arranging for disposal gets value for money from the disposal process
* Ensuring that there is limited damage to the environment caused by the disposal
* Ensuring that the disposal of goods minimizes the risk and impact to the staff and community
- A. 1 and 4
- B. 2 and 4
- C. 2 and 3
- D. 1 and 3
正解：A
解説：
Socially responsible disposal practices prioritize:
* Public safety: Protecting individuals and communities from any adverse effects related to waste disposal.
* Environmental responsibility: Minimizing ecological damage through responsible disposal methods.
These practices are fundamental to whole-life asset management, which emphasizes sustainability and ethical considerations throughout the lifecycle of assets.
質問 # 63
Which among the following are the tools for reducing acquisition costs in purchasing?
1. Procurement card
2. Automated Storage & Retrieval System
3. Porter's value chain
4. P2P system
- A. 1 and 3 only
- B. 1 and 4 only
- C. 2 and 4 only
- D. 2 and 3 only
正解：B
解説：
There are several methods to reduce the acquisition costs in procurement. L4M7 study guide lists the following methods:
- Buyer discretionary spend
- 'User buying'
- Vendor managed inventory (VMI)
- Two-bin Kanban
- Product catalogue
- e-Procurement techniques, including some systems such as ERP, procure-to-pay (P2P), e-requisition, e- tendering, etc.
- Procurement cards
質問 # 64
Which of the following are likely to be included in a formal business case document for stakeholders to support the purchase of a new piece of specialist equipment?
* The conformance standard that relates to the future operation of the equipment
* The context of proposed purchase in relation to business strategy alignment
* Resource requirements including the managerial and operational team resources
* The planned preventative maintenance plan for the equipment to ensure effectiveness
- A. 2 and 4 only
- B. 1 and 2 only
- C. 2 and 5 only
- D. 3 and 4 only
正解：A
質問 # 65
Which of the following are features of dependent demand items of stock?
* They depend on the production levels of the user departments
* They depend on the production capacity of the supplier
* They can be managed using JIT (Just-in-Time) systems
* They become obsolete within a short time
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 3 and 4 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 2 and 3 only
正解：C
解説：
Dependent demand items rely on the internal production requirements of an organization. These items:
* Depend on user department production levels: Demand is driven by the needs of the production line.
* Can be managed using JIT systems: Just-in-Time inventory helps optimize stock levels based on immediate production needs, reducing holding costs and minimizing waste.
Dependent demand items differ from independent demand items, where demand is customer-driven rather than production-driven, emphasizing demand predictability and timely procurement.
質問 # 66
Which of the following lists all components, ingredients, and materials required to produce the final product?
- A. Master schedule
- B. Bill of materials
- C. Engineering change notice
- D. Purchase order
正解：B
解説：
Master production schedule (MPS) plans items that have "direct" demand, or "independent de-mand." With independent demand, the demand comes from sales orders, service orders, or fore-casts, and the demand comes directly from customer-or forecasted-requirements. It is the list that provides the timing of the production schedule and shows how much each machine can produce, how many shifts are used, etc.
A bill of materials (BOM) is a comprehensive inventory of the raw materials, assemblies, subas-semblies, parts and components, as well as the quantities of each, needed to manufacture a product.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
質問 # 67
International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique international identification system for each product form or edition of a monographic publication published or produced by a specific publisher. ISBN is an example of...?
- A. Harmonized system
- B. Industry standard code
- C. Check digit
- D. Own product code system
正解：B
解説：
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier which is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency. ISBN is standardised by ISO 2108:2017. ISBN is an example of industry standard code as it applies to commercial books around the world.
Check digits are additional numbers or characters added to codes that a computer uses to verify the number is valid. The intention is to reduce the likelihood of miskeying an item and hitting an alternative live item. More often, a system is devised which a computer can calculate using combination of numbers.
Own product code system: an organisation will use its own product code system. This has the ad-vantage that the organisation can construct a code that is effective and fits with its software and variety of items covered.
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff nomenclature is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products. It came into effect in 1988 and has since been developed and maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO) (formerly the Customs Co-operation Council), an independent intergovernmental organization based in Brussels, Belgium, with over 200 member countries.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
質問 # 68
In a manufacturing organisation, which of the following explains an 'indirect' stock classification of items?
- A. Where the stock has been acquired from a distributor rather than another manufacturer
- B. Where the stock does not have to be paid for until it has been used by the manufacturer
- C. Where the stock is not used as part of manufacturing of the finished product
- D. Where the stock is currently held in a warehouse owned by another organisation
正解：C
質問 # 69
SpeedyCar GmbH is a vehicle manufacturer that is launching a new electric vehicle onto the market, replacing a previous diesel vehicle. There is a lot of equipment in the manufacturing site to be changed, some new machinery to replace older machinery, and some production equipment to decommission. The costs of decommissioning would include which of the following?
- A. Costs to upgrade electric vehicle charging facilities
- B. Decontamination and cleaning costs for site areas
- C. Engineering drawing fees for the new electric vehicle designs
- D. Sales and marketing costs of the new electric vehicle
正解：B
質問 # 70
Bulk loose coal that requires massive handling system should be stored in which area?
- A. Heating warehouse
- B. Stockyard
- C. Store
- D. Chill hub
正解：B
解説：
Materials that will not easily deteriorate, are generally stored in open or fairly covered areas (stockyard). The materials are usually in bulk, like steel plates or coils casting, timber coal, steel barrels, cable drums, piping, lampposts, lorries, etc.
Stockyards are open or semi-covered areas that are used for the following:
- Bulk loose or packaged materials
- Bulky or oversized items that may be difficult to move inside
- Materials that may require specialised handling, loading or unloading Below image shows the example of a stockyard that stores loose coal and its handling system.
LO 1, AC 1.1
質問 # 71
Which of the following is an advantage of hiring compared to buying asset equipment?
- A. Hiring increases the requirement for finance credit for the equipment
- B. Responsibility for the repair of the equipment normally lies with the owner
- C. Hiring is the most suitable option for high-usage equipment
- D. Hiring eliminates the need for storage space for the equipment
正解：B
解説：
Hiring offers the advantage that the repair and maintenance responsibility usually lies with the equipment owner (lessor). This helps the hiring organization avoid costs associated with unexpected repairs and maintenance, beneficial in managing operating expenses and ensuring equipment uptime.
Whole-life asset management encourages hiring for short-term or temporary use, where maintenance responsibilities can be deferred to the provider, thus lowering total ownership costs for the user.
質問 # 72
An organisation needs to determine whether to lease a piece of equipment or purchase it outright. From the following statements, which ones describe the advantages for a procurement organisation to lease rather than to purchase outright?
* Capital allowances may be set against tax, and grants may be available
* There is no initial investment which would tie up the organisation's working capital
* It would protect against technological obsolescence as equipment can be replaced as required
* The total cost may be higher than purchasing the equipment outright
- A. 2 and 5 only
- B. 3 and 4 only
- C. 2 and 4 only
- D. 1 and 2 only
正解：D
質問 # 73
A retailer wants to improve its service level in inventory management from 95% to 97%. Which of the following is the best course of action?
- A. Increasing safety stock
- B. Expanding replenishment lead time
- C. Holding more cycle stock
- D. Decreasing safety stock
正解：D
解説：
For single items, an extra investment in inventory (higher levels of safety stock) will always in-crease customer service levels. Conversely, higher service levels imply larger quantities of safety stocks and an increased investment in inventory. (Procurement and Supply Chain Management - 9th Edition)
質問 # 74
A supplier delivers large quantities of inventory to its customer's store, but only charges for the goods as and when they are used. This can be described as...?
- A. Multi-echelon stock
- B. Consignment stock
- C. Multi-stage inventory
- D. Components inventory
正解：B
解説：
Consignment stock is stock legally owned by one party, but held by another, meaning that the risk and rewards regarding to the said stock remains with the first party while the second party is re-sponsible for distribution or retail operations. Ownership of consignment stock is passed only when the stock is used (issued or sold in the case of a shop). Unused stock in a warehouse may be returned to the supplier when it concerns standard manufactured products. With customer specific items, agreements concerning returning products, should be negotiated.
質問 # 75
Which of the following would be an impact of low stock in the supply chain?
* Warehouse space would all be full with excess stock
* There may be delays and higher costs to fulfill supply
* Stock may not be available at times of high demand
* Lead times would reduce and purchase costs would fall
- A. 1 and 3 only
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 1 and 4 only
- D. 2 and 4 only
正解：B
質問 # 76
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