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質問 # 19
Iteration planning for Sprint 5 of your current project is complete. The plan for the sprint is to increase performance of the system, which of the following acceptance criteria would you expect for Sprint 5?
i) User access for all roles has been validated.
ii) A static analysis tool has been executed for all code.
iii) 100% of the existing regression test suite has passed.
Iv) System is responding In less than 3 seconds, 90% of the time.
v) A new version of Internet Explorer has been included.
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. ii, v
- B. i, iii
- C. iv, v
- D. iii, iv
正解：D
解説：
The acceptance criteria for a sprint focused on improving the performance of a system, like the one described for Sprint 5, typically include ensuring that the system meets specific performance benchmarks and that the functionality implemented in previous sprints continues to work as expected. Therefore, the most relevant acceptance criteria for such a sprint would be:
iii) "100% of the existing regression test suite has passed." This criterion ensures that the new performance enhancements have not adversely affected the existing functionalities of the system. It's a common practice in agile projects to maintain the integrity and quality of the system by running regression tests. This is supported by the notion that continuous testing and quality assurance are integral components of agile methodologies, ensuring that each increment of the project maintains and improves the quality of the product (Source: Agile Project Management methodologies).
iv) "System is responding in less than 3 seconds, 90% of the time." This criterion directly addresses the goal of the sprint, which is to increase the performance of the system. Setting a specific target for response times is a quantifiable and testable way to measure the improvement in performance. This aligns with agile principles, which emphasize delivering valuable, working software and encourage adaptive planning and continuous improvement. Performance targets like these help the team focus on delivering specific, valuable improvements to the system (Source: Principles behind the Agile Manifesto).
Options i) and v) are less relevant to the specific focus of Sprint 5, which is on performance improvement, and more about user roles and software compatibility, which are not directly tied to the performance objectives of the sprint. Therefore, options iii) and iv) constitute the most appropriate acceptance criteria for Sprint 5, focusing on ensuring that the system's performance meets the set benchmarks without compromising existing functionalities.
質問 # 20
Which of the following is a benefit of a whole-team approach?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Enables the team to focus on solely their separate areas of expertise and responsibility.
- B. Enables testers to execute their responsibility for quality for the combined team
- C. Enables the various skill sets within the team to be leveraged to the benefit of the project.
- D. Enables reduction in test duplication as the testers and test engineers function as a single team.
正解：C
質問 # 21
You are developing the code that controls an industrial Espresso machine which will be operated by waiting staff in restaurants.
The machine is rather complicated and has lots of switches and buttons, so in the next iteration instructions will be provided to the operator on a small LCD screen.
A User Story for the Operator-Instructions module is as follows:
"As an operator of the Espresso machine, I would like to know how to steam milk, so I can add steamed milk to the coffee." The following is a list of risks identified for this story, with assigned probability and impact.
Which of these is most correct in the context of the given User Story?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Operators will not read the instructions and will try various switches and buttons until something works. Probability: Low. Impact: Low
- B. The instructions may be incorrect or appear in the wrong order. Probability: Low. Impact: High
- C. An untrained customer will attempt to use the coffee machine. Probability: High. Impact: High
- D. A small child may try to steam milk. Probability: High. Impact: Low
正解：B
解説：
In the context of the provided User Story for the Operator-Instructions module of an industrial Espresso machine, option B is the most pertinent risk. This option states, "The instructions may be incorrect or appear in the wrong order. Probability: Low. Impact: High." This risk directly affects the core functionality described in the User Story, which is to provide operators with accurate instructions for steaming milk.
Agile methodologies emphasize the importance of delivering value to the customer through functional and usable increments of the product. Incorrect or improperly ordered instructions would directly undermine the usability of the Espresso machine for its intended operators, potentially leading to operational errors, customer dissatisfaction, and a failure to deliver the intended value of the User Story.
While the other risks mentioned (A, C, and D) might have their relevance in broader project considerations, they do not directly impact the achievement of the User Story's goal as much as option B does. The risk of incorrect or out-of-order instructions is particularly significant because it could lead to improper operation of the machine, resulting in quality issues with the product (steamed milk in this case) or even damage to the machine, both of which have high impact on the project's success.
Therefore, option B is the verified answer as it most accurately reflects a risk that is directly related to the achievement of the User Story's objective, aligning with agile principles of focusing on delivering functional and valuable product increments to the customer.
質問 # 22
Which of the following describes the main purpose of a task management tool in agile projects?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. A task management tool is used by team members to share ideas and collaborate on assigned tasks.
- B. A task management tool is used to manage and track user stories, tests and other tasks.
- C. A task management tool allows developers to continuously integrate their code.
- D. A task management tool is used to store source code and automated tests.
正解：B
解説：
In agile projects, task management tools play a crucial role in facilitating project management and team collaboration. Specifically, option C accurately describes the primary function of a task management tool in agile contexts. These tools are designed to manage and track various elements of agile projects, including user stories, tests, tasks, and more, thereby enabling teams to maintain visibility and control over the project's progress.
Agile methodologies prioritize adaptability, customer collaboration, and the delivery of value through iterative development cycles. Task management tools support these principles by providing a platform for organizing work, prioritizing tasks, and ensuring that all team members are aligned on the project's objectives and progress. This alignment is essential for maintaining the agility and responsiveness characteristic of agile projects.
For example, the Scrum framework, a popular agile methodology, involves creating a product backlog that contains all the user stories and tasks needed for the project. The task management tool would be used to track these items through various stages of development, from the backlog to in-progress, testing, and completion. This tracking ensures that the team can adapt to changes, manage workloads effectively, and deliver increments of value to the customer consistently.
In summary, option C is the verified answer as it encapsulates the essential purpose of a task management tool in agile projects, which is to manage and track user stories, tests, and other tasks, thereby supporting the agile principles of adaptability, customer collaboration, and iterative delivery of value.
質問 # 23
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding early and frequent feedback?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Early feedback promotes early discovery and resolution of quality problems.
- B. Early feedback provides the Agile team with information on its productivity.
- C. Early feedback helps to deliver a product that better reflects what the customer wants.
- D. Early feedback decreases the amount of time needed for system testing.
正解：D
解説：
Early and frequent feedback is fundamental in Agile methodologies to ensure the product meets customer needs and to identify and resolve issues promptly. However, the statement that early feedback decreases the time needed for system testing (Option C) is misleading. While early feedback helps in identifying and resolving issues at an early stage, it does not necessarily reduce the overall time required for system testing. System testing is a comprehensive phase that assesses the system's compliance with the specified requirements. Agile practices, such as continuous integration and testing, aim to maintain a high quality throughout the development process, but they do not eliminate the need for thorough system testing to validate the product before release.
質問 # 24
Which of the following would provide the MOST independence for testers working with agile teams?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Testers from an independent test team who do not get involved with the Agile team, but are assigned to do System Testing once all sprints are completed.
- B. Testers are fully embedded in each Agile team to perform many of the testing tasks.
- C. Testers from an independent test team are assigned to the Agile team at the beginning of the project, returning for re assignment to a new agile team.
- D. Testers from an independent test team are assigned on-demand for the final days of each sprint.
正解：B
解説：
In Agile project environments, embedding testers within the Agile teams promotes close collaboration, immediate feedback, and continuous improvement, essential principles of Agile methodologies. This integration enables testers to be involved in all stages of the development process, from planning and design to execution and review, facilitating early detection of defects, understanding of user requirements, and adherence to quality standards. The Agile Manifesto emphasizes individuals and interactions over processes and tools, advocating for collaborative team environments where business people and developers work together daily throughout the project. This approach contrasts with traditional methods where testing is often conducted in isolation or after development phases, potentially leading to delays and reduced quality due to the late discovery of issues.
質問 # 25
Which of the following is NOT a typical task performed by the tester within an Agile team?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Suggesting improvements in team retrospectives.
- B. Ensuring all project status meetings are held according to the plan.
- C. Working with business stakeholders to clarify requirements.
- D. Ensuring the appropriate testing tasks are scheduled during iteration planning.
正解：B
質問 # 26
Which of the following is a risk that continuous integration introduces?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Developer's workload is increased, which can result in a reduction of output.
- B. Testers sometimes have too many builds to test, which reduces the quality of testing.
- C. Teams sometimes over-rely on unit tests and exclude some important system and acceptance tests.
- D. Teams no longer have the ability to run manual tests, as all tests must be automated.
正解：B
解説：
Continuous integration introduces the risk of having too many builds for testers to evaluate, potentially reducing the quality of testing. With frequent integration of new code and automated builds, testers may face challenges in keeping up with the pace, leading to less thorough testing and the possibility of defects slipping through.
質問 # 27
Which of the following statements would you expect to be the MOST direct advantage of the whole-team approach?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Avoiding requirements misunderstandings which may not have been detected until later in the development cycle when they are more expensive to fix.
- B. Capitalizing on the combined skills of business representatives, testers and developers working together to contribute to project success.
- C. Having at least once a day an automated build and test process that detects integration errors early and quickly.
- D. Reducing the involvement of business representatives because of the increased communication and collaboration between testers and developers.
正解：A
質問 # 28
Which of the following statements about the Planning poker test estimate technique are CORRECT?
i) Planning poker is a consensus based technique using a deck of cards.
ii) A low test estimate usually means the story should be broken down into multiple smaller stories.
iii) A high test estimate usually means the story should be broken down into multiple smaller stories.
iv) One poker round is played and then consensus has to be reached.
v) The risk level of each backlog item should be decided before the poker session.
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. ii. iv
- B. i, iii. v
- C. ii, iii, iv
- D. i, ii, iii
正解：D
解説：
Planning poker, a consensus-based estimation technique used in Agile planning sessions, involves team members making estimates by playing numbered cards face-down to the table, avoiding the influence of other participants. This process promotes a collective understanding and agreement on effort estimations. Statements i, ii, and iii accurately reflect the principles of Planning Poker. It's a consensus-based technique (i), and if the estimates are too high (iii) or too low (ii), it often indicates that the user story is not well understood or is too complex, suggesting it should be broken down into smaller, more manageable pieces. This approach aligns with Agile's preference for small, incremental changes that can be easily managed and adapted, fostering collaboration and collective decision-making within the team.
質問 # 29
Which of the following activities are done in release planning?
i. Identifying testable user stories with acceptance criteria.
ii. Elaborating the user stories into tasks.
iii. Prioritizing the user stories.
iv. Creating acceptance tests for the user stories.
v. Analyzing risks for each of the user stories.
vi. Performing high level estimation for the release.
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Activities ii, iii and v
- B. Activities i, iv and vi
- C. Activities i. iii and vi
- D. Activities ii and iv
正解：C
解説：
In release planning for Agile project management, activities such as identifying testable user stories with acceptance criteria (i), prioritizing the user stories (iii), and performing high-level estimation for the release (vi) are essential. These activities ensure that the team has a clear understanding of what needs to be delivered, the order of importance of the deliverables, and an estimate of the effort required to achieve the release goals.
質問 # 30
You have been asked to execute an exploratory testing session on Park & Ride system. The test charter has been titled as "Buy a bus ticket". As a result, a number of defects were reported, the titles of which are listed below.
Which defect is out of scope for the given test charter?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Failed to buy a bus ticket when the network connection to the Central System is down.
- B. Price for a bus ticket was calculated incorrectly.
- C. Payment for parking ticket is restricted to cash only (no credit card supported).
- D. Failed to buy a bus ticket after 18:00.
正解：C
解説：
The defect titled "Payment for parking ticket is restricted to cash only (no credit card supported)" is out of scope for the given test charter titled "Buy a bus ticket" because it pertains to a different functionality not covered by the charter. The charter focuses on the process of purchasing a bus ticket, which involves functionality such as selecting a ticket type, choosing a journey, and completing the transaction. A defect related to payment methods for a parking ticket does not relate to these functions and is therefore considered out of scope for the testing session focused on buying a bus ticket.
質問 # 31
Which of the following statements about Agile retrospectives is CORRECT?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Agile retrospectives should be focused mainly on impediments that are outside the control of the team because these issues are more challenging.
- B. In an Agile retrospective the moderator can encourage and make sure that good practices are kept by the team, by asking what the team is doing well.
- C. Unlike working sessions or meetings held in non Agile projects, Agile retrospectives do not require follow-up activities.
- D. During Agile retrospectives, testers should be encouraged to provide constructive suggestions only on non-testing activities.
正解：B
質問 # 32
Which of the following allows a developer to define accurate unit tests focused on business needs?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Design-Driven Development
- B. Test-Driven Development
- C. Acceptance Test-Driven Development
- D. Behavior-Driven Development
正解：D
解説：
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) allows developers to define accurate unit tests focused on business needs by bridging the communication gap between technical and non-technical team members. BDD uses scenarios in plain language that describe the behavior of the application from the end-user's perspective, ensuring that the development focus remains on delivering features that provide real value to the business.
質問 # 33
Which ONE of the following is an example of a typical "Business-oriented work product"?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Usability testing test results.
- B. The released product.
- C. Acceptance testing entry criteria.
- D. A user manual.
正解：D
解説：
In Agile projects, a "Business-oriented work product" refers to any deliverable that provides business value or is directly usable by the end users or stakeholders of the project. Among the options provided, a user manual is a typical example of a business-oriented work product because it is designed for end users, helping them understand and use the product effectively. Other options, such as the released product itself, acceptance testing criteria, and usability test results, while important, do not fit the definition of a business-oriented work product in the same direct manner as a user manual does.
質問 # 34
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