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最新CCAS試験問題集で有効最新の問題集
質問 # 41
Which Is the general consensus among Jurisdictions who have performed a national risk assessment about cryptoasset activities conducted in their countries?
- A. With increased awareness about cryptoasset activities, the money laundering risk levels become lower.
- B. There Is a rising level of money laundering risks related lo cryptoasset activities
- C. The level of money laundering risk linked to cryptoasset activities is very dependent on a country's geographical position.
正解：B
解説：
D, Where the adoption rate of digital banking Is high, a decreased level of money laundering risks related to cryptoasset activities is reported Explanation:
National risk assessments conducted across various jurisdictions consistently report that money laundering risks related to cryptoasset activities are rising. The growing adoption, complexity, and use of cryptoassets for illicit purposes contribute to elevated risk levels.
While geography (B), awareness (C), and digital banking adoption (D) can influence risk factors, the overarching trend is an increase in ML risks tied to cryptoassets.
This conclusion is supported by FATF's global guidance and numerous national risk assessment reports reviewed by the DFSA and related authorities
質問 # 42
What is the intention of the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Travel Rule?
- A. To slow down cryptoasset transactions to allow law enforcement to intervene
- B. To enhance customer due diligence (CDD) procedures to ensure high quality data
- C. To mitigate money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF) risk by increasing the ability to follow funds via different financial institutions
正解：C
解説：
The FATF Travel Rule requires Virtual Asset Service Providers to share originator and beneficiary information for virtual asset transfers exceeding a certain threshold. Its purpose is to mitigate ML/TF risks by increasing transparency and enabling authorities to trace the movement of funds across institutions and jurisdictions.
It does not aim to slow transactions (B) or directly enhance CDD (A), although it supports the overall AML framework including CDD.
This rule is a cornerstone of FATF's efforts to regulate virtual asset transfers effectively and is adopted by DFSA and other regulators.
質問 # 43
In sanctions screening, a "fuzzy match" occurs when:
- A. The customer is in a low-risk jurisdiction.
- B. Only wallet addresses match exactly.
- C. There is no match found.
- D. A partial or near match to a sanctions list entry occurs.
正解：D
解説：
Fuzzy matches require further review to confirm whether the match is a true hit or a false positive, ensuring compliance accuracy.
質問 # 44
What three classifications of assets does the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (commonly known as MICA) apply to? (Select Three.)
- A. Cryptoassets
- B. Privacy coins
- C. Asset-referenced tokens
- D. Electronic money tokens
- E. Meme coins
正解：A、C、D
解説：
The EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MICA) applies specifically to:
Electronic Money Tokens (B): Tokens that fulfill the definition of electronic money under the E-Money Directive.
Cryptoassets (D): Broad category including digital representations of value that are not covered by existing financial services legislation.
Asset-Referenced Tokens (E): Tokens that purport to maintain a stable value by referencing one or several assets.
Meme coins (A) and privacy coins (C) are not separately classified under MICA but may fall under broader cryptoasset categories subject to other regulations.
質問 # 45
Which advantage of the proof of work consensus algorithm is widely applicable in many cryptocurrencies and other blockchain systems?
- A. Verification of transactions by solving complex mathematical puzzles
- B. Centralization of the consensus mechanism
- C. Security of small networks
- D. Dependency on electricity
正解：A
解説：
Proof of Work (PoW) consensus achieves network consensus by requiring participants (miners) to solve complex cryptographic puzzles, which verifies transactions and secures the blockchain. This computational work makes it difficult and costly to alter the blockchain.
Dependency on electricity (A) is a criticism rather than an advantage. PoW promotes decentralization rather than centralization (B). It provides strong security for large networks rather than small ones (D).
This principle is fundamental in Bitcoin and many other cryptocurrencies and is frequently referenced in AML/CFT guidance to understand the transaction validation process and network security.
質問 # 46
What is the "Travel Rule" under FATF guidance?
- A. A requirement to record customer addresses for all crypto transfers
- B. A requirement to freeze funds sent across borders
- C. A requirement to transmit originator and beneficiary information with crypto transfers above a threshold
- D. A rule for declaring crypto holdings at customs
正解：C
解説：
The Travel Rule, part of FATF Recommendation 16, requires VASPs to share sender and recipient information for virtual asset transfers above USD/EUR 1,000. The aim is to enable tracing and detection of illicit funds.
質問 # 47
What is the correct risk assessment equation used in AML/CFT compliance frameworks, including for cryptoasset risk evaluations?
- A. Inherent Risk + Control Effectiveness = Residual Risk
- B. Inherent Risk - Residual Risk = Control Effectiveness
- C. Residual Risk + Control Effectiveness = Inherent Risk
- D. Inherent Risk - Control Effectiveness = Residual Risk
正解：D
解説：
In risk-based AML/CFT programs - including those applied to Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) - risk assessment determines the remaining exposure after applying mitigating measures.
Inherent Risk: The natural level of risk before applying any controls, based on factors like customer profile, transaction patterns, and jurisdiction.
Control Effectiveness: The degree to which implemented controls (e.g., CDD, EDD, sanctions screening, blockchain analytics) reduce risk.
Residual Risk: The risk that remains after controls are applied and is the level an organization must either accept, reduce further, or avoid.
The standard formula is:
Inherent Risk - Control Effectiveness = Residual Risk
This equation is emphasized in FATF's risk-based approach guidance and reinforced in DIFC (DFSA) and ADGM (FSRA) AML rules to ensure ongoing monitoring and governance oversight of remaining risks.
質問 # 48
According to me Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's> definition of virtual asset service provider (VASP), for which activity is an entity required to be licensee or registered as a VASP in the jurisdiction(s) where they are created?
- A. Virtual money service businesses
- B. Operating blockchain nodes
- C. Safekeeping and/or administration of virtual assets and exchange between one or more forms of virtual assets
- D. Cryptocurrency mining operations
正解：C
解説：
FATF defines VASPs as entities that conduct certain specified activities involving virtual assets. Licensing or registration as a VASP is required primarily for entities engaged in activities such as safekeeping and/or administration of virtual assets or conducting exchanges between one or more forms of virtual assets.
Cryptocurrency mining operations (A) and operating blockchain nodes (C) are generally excluded from the VASP definition because they do not involve handling customer funds or providing financial services. Virtual money service businesses (D) is a broader term that may include VASPs but not all such businesses fall under VASP regulations unless they meet the activity criteria.
This aligns with the DFSA AML Module and FATF Recommendation 15, which regulate entities providing virtual asset custody or exchange services to customers and require them to be licensed or registered.
質問 # 49
Which of the following would you review as part of standard due diligence? (Select Two.)
- A. Negative news
- B. Blockchain exposure
- C. Beneficial ownership
- D. Dark web forums
正解：A、C
解説：
Standard due diligence typically involves reviewing negative news and verifying beneficial ownership to understand the customer's background and potential risk factors.
Dark web forums (B) and blockchain exposure (D) are more advanced or enhanced due diligence techniques, used when higher risk is identified.
質問 # 50
What is the purpose of a security audit in reason to smart contracts?
- A. To protect investors' funds by identifying weaknesses in the code or protocol
- B. To allow the developer to confirm that the code does not violate copyright
- C. To Identify bad actors that ace seeking to misuse the smart contract
- D. To identify any outdated functions or performance issues
正解：A
解説：
The primary purpose of a security audit for smart contracts is to protect investors' funds by identifying vulnerabilities, coding errors, and weaknesses in the smart contract or underlying protocol that could be exploited. This proactive approach helps prevent hacks, exploits, and financial loss.
While performance issues (B) may be noted, the critical concern is security. Identifying bad actors (C) is not within the scope of a code audit but is a broader operational issue. Copyright concerns (A) are unrelated.
AML and crypto governance frameworks underline the importance of security audits to mitigate operational risks in DeFi and other smart contract-based applications.
質問 # 51
Which type of cryptoasset is explicitly designed to maintain a stable value?
- A. Privacy coin
- B. Governance token
- C. Utility token
- D. Stablecoin
正解：D
解説：
Stablecoins aim to maintain value stability by pegging to assets like fiat currency or commodities. Regulators stress monitoring stablecoin reserve transparency to prevent misuse for layering illicit funds.
質問 # 52
Under DIFC AML regulations, enhanced due diligence (EDD) is mandatory when:
- A. The transaction is above USD 1,000.
- B. The customer is a retail investor.
- C. A customer is a domestic bank.
- D. The customer is from a high-risk jurisdiction.
正解：D
解説：
EDD is required when dealing with customers or transactions from jurisdictions identified as high-risk for ML/TF. This aligns with FATF Recommendation 19 and local UAE regulations.
質問 # 53
What is a "smart contract"?
- A. A compliance monitoring tool.
- B. A legal agreement stored offline.
- C. A cold storage wallet type.
- D. A self-executing code stored on blockchain.
正解：D
解説：
Smart contracts execute predetermined conditions automatically on blockchain, enabling decentralized applications and services.
質問 # 54
Which business category below is considered to present the highest risk of money laundering?
- A. Law firm
- B. Pharmaceutical company
- C. Registered hedge fund
- D. Art dealer
正解：D
解説：
Art dealers present a high money laundering risk due to the subjective valuation of art, ease of transferring assets, and the potential for using art as a vehicle to conceal illicit funds.
Registered hedge funds (A) and law firms (C) have AML obligations but are generally more regulated. Pharmaceutical companies (B) are less associated with high ML risk.
The DFSA AML and FATF typology papers specifically identify art dealing as a sector with heightened ML risk.
質問 # 55
Which level of an organization is ultimately responsible for risk oversight?
- A. Board of directors
- B. 2nd line compliance team
- C. 1st line compliance team
- D. Chief risk officer
正解：A
解説：
The ultimate responsibility for risk oversight lies with the Board of Directors. Senior management and the board have the fiduciary and governance duty to ensure that an effective risk management framework, including AML/CFT controls and cryptoasset-specific risks, is in place and functioning properly.
The DFSA GEN Module and AML Module explicitly allocate the highest accountability for compliance and risk oversight to the Board of Directors, while first and second lines support implementation and oversight respectively. The Chief Risk Officer (CRO) supports risk management but the board maintains ultimate accountability.
Key extracts:
GEN Module, Chapter 5: "Responsibility for compliance lies with every member of senior management, with ultimate oversight by the Board." AML Module Section 1.2 & 4.1: "Senior management and Board must ensure appropriate systems and controls for AML/CFT risk management." FATF Recommendation 2 underscores that senior management and boards are accountable for effective AML governance【GEN/VER64/05-24: Chapter 5; AML/VER25/05-24: Sections 1.2, 4.1】.
Thus, D is the correct answer.
質問 # 56
Misconfigured smart contracts can allow which type of scam to occur?
- A. SIM
- B. Ransomware
- C. Rug pull
- D. Phishing
正解：C
解説：
Misconfigured or poorly designed smart contracts can enable rug pull scams, where developers create fraudulent decentralized finance (DeFi) projects or tokens and then withdraw liquidity or funds abruptly, leaving investors with worthless assets.
Phishing (A) and SIM attacks (B) relate to social engineering and telecom fraud, respectively, and ransomware (D) is malware demanding payment. Rug pulls specifically exploit smart contract vulnerabilities.
The DFSA and AML thematic reviews on crypto highlight rug pull scams as a key operational and financial crime risk linked to smart contract vulnerabilities.
質問 # 57
In considering particular virtual asset products, services, or activities, which features should be considered by management?
- A. Ability to mingle funds within wider pools.
- B. Ability for other virtual asset service providers (VASPs) to utilize the service to provide services to their own customers.
- C. Regulatory expectations.
- D. Transaction volumes.
正解：A、B、C、D
解説：
Management must consider a comprehensive set of features when evaluating virtual asset products and services, including:
Ability for other VASPs to utilize the service (A): This increases risk exposure as services may be used indirectly by unknown parties.
Ability to mingle funds within wider pools (B): Mixing services or pooled wallets increase anonymity and laundering risk.
Regulatory expectations (C): Management must ensure compliance with all applicable laws and guidelines.
Transaction volumes (D): High transaction volumes can increase operational risk and require enhanced monitoring.
The DFSA AML and COB Modules, as well as FATF guidance, stress that a risk-based approach requires consideration of all these features in product/service risk assessments.
質問 # 58
Which is a type of restricted blockchain?
- A. Public
- B. Consortium
- C. Hybrid
- D. Private
正解：B
解説：
A restricted blockchain is one where participation-either in transaction validation, data access, or both-is limited to selected entities rather than being open to the public.
Consortium blockchain (D) is a common type of restricted blockchain in which multiple pre-approved organizations collectively manage the network. It offers partial decentralization but with controlled membership, making it suitable for regulated environments such as financial services, supply chain tracking, and interbank settlements.
Other options explained:
Hybrid (A): Combines elements of public and private chains, but not necessarily "restricted" in the strict governance sense.
Public (B): Open to anyone to join, read, and write data; not restricted.
Private (C): While private blockchains are also restricted, in AML/CFT guidance, "restricted blockchain" generally refers to consortium arrangements involving multiple vetted participants, rather than a single organization's closed chain.
Regulatory and technical literature in DIFC/ADGM contexts note that consortium blockchains allow for compliance controls, participant vetting, and transaction monitoring-making them particularly suitable for financial ecosystems where controlled access is essential.
質問 # 59
A virtual asset service provider (VASP) is using public information on the blockchain to trace a wallet address. Which additional step is necessary to identify the owner or controller of that address?
- A. Acquire information to connect the wallet address to a natural person.
- B. Obtain further information connecting wallet address to virtual asset transactions.
- C. Review the wallet address information periodically.
- D. Screen the wallet address for any historical transaction activity.
正解：A
解説：
Public blockchain data is pseudonymous, meaning wallet addresses alone do not reveal the owner's identity. To identify the natural person controlling the wallet, the VASP must acquire additional information, typically through customer due diligence (CDD) processes or data obtained from exchanges and counterparties, linking the wallet address to an individual.
Periodic review (A), transaction screening (C), and obtaining transactional data (D) support ongoing monitoring but do not alone establish identity.
AML and FATF guidance emphasize that ownership linkage requires collecting identifying information beyond blockchain data to comply with AML regulations.
質問 # 60
Which blockchain analysis red flag is linked to terrorism financing?
- A. Smart contract creation
- B. Microtransactions to donation addresses
- C. Large OTC trades
- D. Proof-of-Stake staking
正解：B
解説：
Small-value repeated payments to known extremist donation wallets are a terrorism financing indicator noted in FATF typology reports.
質問 # 61
Which virtual asset relies on an account-based ledger model?
- A. Litecoin
- B. Bitcoin
- C. Ethereum
- D. Monero
正解：C
解説：
Ethereum uses an account-based ledger model where balances are maintained per account, similar to bank accounts, and transactions update balances directly. This differs from Bitcoin, Litecoin, and Monero, which use the UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output) model.
Understanding ledger models is important for AML transaction monitoring and blockchain analytics, as account-based systems enable different tracking and risk assessment approaches.
質問 # 62
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