C-KYMD-01認定の有効な試験問題集解答学習ガイド！（最新の62問題)
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質問 # 12
Using the Cloud Events specification, which component must you use to post events to Kyma Eventing?
- A. pod/eventing event publisher proxy
- B. svc/eventing-nets
- C. service/eventing-event-publisher-proxy
- D. pods/eventing nats 0
正解：C
質問 # 13
What are some characteristics of the API Gateway? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. It is the central point of contact for all internal traffic in the Kyma cluster.
- B. It uses a custom-configured Nginx Ingress Gateway.
- C. It uses Ory Oath keeper to manage access to services.
- D. It uses Envoy Proxy to handle traffic and forward it to the correct service
正解：A、D
質問 # 14
Which of the following technologies does the Kyme Eventing process use? Note: There are 3 correct Answers to this question.
- A. Apache Kafka
- B. HTTP-post requests
- C. NATS
- D. MQTT
- E. Jet Stream
正解：B、C、E
解説：
Explanation
The Kyma Eventing process uses the following technologies:
HTTP-post requests: HTTP requests are delivered via POST-requests in terms of sending and receiving the events1.
Jet Stream: Jet Stream provides the back end for the Kyma Eventing process1.
NATS: NATS is an open source messaging system that is used for the Kyma Eventing process12.
References: Discovering Kyma Eventing - SAP Learning, In-cluster eventing in SAP BTP, Kyma runtime | SAP Blogs
質問 # 15
What is used to isolate groups of resources in a Kubernetes cluster?
- A. Semantic versioning
- B. Namespaces
- C. Object groups
- D. Organizations and spaces
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Namespaces are used to isolate groups of resources in a Kubernetes cluster1. Namespaces provide a logical scope for resources, such as pods, services, deployments, and secrets. Namespaces can be used to separate different environments, teams, projects, or applications within the same cluster. Namespaces also enable resource quota management, access control, and service discovery within the cluster2. Namespaces are not the same as organizations and spaces, which are concepts used in Cloud Foundry to manage applications and services3. Semantic versioning is a convention for assigning version numbers to software releases, not a method for isolating resources. Object groups are not a native Kubernetes concept, but a term used in some tools or frameworks to group related resources. References: 1(https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/operator-best-practices-cluster-isolation), 2(
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質問 # 16
When would you use kubect!? Note: There are 3 correct Answers to this question.
- A. To plot time series data
- B. To deploy containers into production clusters
- C. To view pod logs
- D. To forward ports from remote machines to pods
- E. To run interactive commands
正解：B、C、E
質問 # 17
Which Prometheus component must you create to scrape metrics from targets you want to observe?
- A. Service Monitor CRD
- B. Pod Monitor CRD
- C. Service Manifest
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
To scrape metrics from targets you want to observe, you need to create a Service Monitor Custom Resource Definition (CRD) in Prometheus. A Service Monitor CRD defines the endpoints, ports, paths, and labels of the targets that expose metrics in a standard Prometheus format. The Service Monitor CRD also specifies how often the targets should be scraped and what relabeling rules should be applied. The Service Monitor CRD is automatically detected and processed by the Prometheus Operator, which creates the appropriate scrape configurations for Prometheus. The other options are not valid components for scraping metrics from targets.
A Pod Monitor CRD is similar to a Service Monitor CRD, but it defines the pods that expose metrics, rather than the services. A Service Manifest is a YAML file that defines the service type, version, and metadata, but it does not specify the metrics endpoints or scraping parameters. References: Side-by-Side Extensibility Based on SAP BTP, Kyma Runtime - Unit 4 - Lesson 2: Observability in Kyma, Prometheus Operator Documentation - Service Monitor
質問 # 18
Which of the following is a usage for Kubernetes?
- A. Registration of services
- B. Governance of applications
- C. Management of containerized workloads
- D. Management of virtual machines
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Kubernetes is an open source platform for managing containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative configuration and automation1. Kubernetes enables the operation of an elastic web server framework for cloud applications, as well as the orchestration of microservices, batch processing, machine learning, and more2. Kubernetes is not a tool for governance of applications, management of virtual machines, or registration of services, although it can integrate with other tools or frameworks that provide these functionalities. References: 1(https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/), 2(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku
質問 # 19
You want to run a database migration on SAP BTP, Kyma runtime. Which workload type does SAP recommend you use?
- A. DeemonSet
- B. StatefulSet
- C. One off/non parallel job
- D. Parallel job
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A one off/non parallel job is a workload type that runs a single task to completion and then terminates. This is suitable for running a database migration on SAP BTP, Kyma runtime, as it does not require scaling, persistence, or parallelism. A parallel job, on the other hand, is a workload type that runs multiple tasks in parallel and then terminates. This is useful for batch processing or data analysis, but not for database migration. A StatefulSet is a workload type that runs one or more pods that maintain a stable identity and persistent storage. This is useful for stateful applications such as databases or message brokers, but not for database migration. A DaemonSet is a workload type that runs one pod on each node in the cluster. This is useful for providing node-level services such as logging or monitoring, but not for database migration. References: Workload Concepts, Kubernetes Workloads
質問 # 20
What is a characteristic of Kubernetes pods managed by deployments?
- A. They are assigned a random hash suffix as part of their name.
- B. They are stateful.
- C. They have a stable name.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Kubernetes pods are the smallest and most basic unit of an application in Kubernetes. They are ephemeral and can be created and destroyed at any time. Pods managed by deployments are not meant to be accessed directly, but rather through services that provide load balancing and service discovery. To ensure that pods managed by deployments are unique and identifiable, they are assigned a random hash suffix as part oftheir name. For example, a pod named nginx-deployment-6dd86d77d-ztqvs belongs to a deployment named nginx-deployment and has a hash suffix of 6dd86d77d-ztqvs12. References: Deployments | Kubernetes, Kubernetes Administrator: Managing Pods & Deployments
質問 # 21
A Kubernetes cluster is a set of which of the following?
- A. Data centers
- B. Machines
- C. Proxies
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
A Kubernetes cluster is a set of machines, either physical or virtual, that run Kubernetes agents and are managed by the control plane1. A cluster consists of at least one control plane node and one or more worker nodes. The control plane node runs the processes that control the cluster, such as the API server, the scheduler, and the controller manager. The worker nodes run the pods that host the containerized applications. Machines can be grouped into node pools, which are sets of machines that share the same configuration, such as size, type, or labels2. References: 1(https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/components/), 2(https://www.redhat.com/en
質問 # 22
Which of the following does Kyma Eventing simplify? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. Publishing events
- B. Subscribing to events
- C. Sending Cloud Events to the NATS backend without proxy
- D. Connecting event publishers and subscribers directly
正解：A、B
解説：
Explanation
Kyma Eventing simplifies the process of publishing and subscribing to events in the cluster. Publishing events means sending information about a change in the state of the application or the system to the Eventing backend. Subscribing to events means registering interest for a specific event type from a specific source.
Kyma Eventing allows users to publish events by sending HTTP requests to the Event Publisher Proxy component, which validates and forwards the events to the NATS backend. Kyma Eventing also allows users to subscribe to events by creating Subscription custom resources that specify the event source, type, and the HTTP endpoint of the service that will receive the events. Kyma Eventing handles the delivery of the events from the NATS backend to the subscribers with the help of the Eventing Controller and the Eventing Dispatcher components. References: https://kyma-project.io/
https://blogs.sap.com/2021/06/15/in-cluster-eventing-in-sap-btp-kyma-runtime/
質問 # 23
Why would you use observability tools in SAP BTP, Kyma runtime?
- A. To manage StatefulSets
- B. To monitor system behaviour
- C. To run distributed tracing
正解：B、C
解説：
Explanation
Observability tools are used to monitor system behaviour and performance, as well as to troubleshoot issues and identify root causes. Observability tools in SAP BTP, Kyma runtime include Grafana, Prometheus, Loki, and Jaeger, which provide dashboards, metrics, logs, and traces for the workloads running in the cluster1. Distributed tracing is a technique to track the flow of requests across microservices and visualize the latency, errors, and dependencies of each service2. Observability tools help developers and operators to ensure the reliability, availability, and security of their applications and services.
質問 # 24
What is the etcd component in a Kubernetes cluster?
- A. Storage to back up deployed applications
- B. API to manage the cluster
- C. Relational database to store cluster configuration
- D. Key value store that stores the cluster state and configuration
正解：D
質問 # 25
What are some characteristics of Kubernetes pods? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. They are the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes.
- B. They are permanent units in Kubernetes.
- C. They can be terminated and replaced anytime.
- D. They can contain deployments.
正解：A、C
質問 # 26
Why is a headless service type recommended for StatefulSets in Kubernetes?
- A. Pods managed by a StatefulSet have randomly named hashes that CANNOT be used by a regular service for load balancing.
- B. StatefulSets require a load balancer with a single IP address to balance traffic across randomly named pods.
- C. Pods managed by a StatefulSet have stable names and can be accessed directly without a service IP address.
正解：C
質問 # 27
Which of the following observability tools are available in SAP BTP, Kyma runtime? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. Loki
- B. Kiali
- C. Jaeger
- D. Crafana
正解：A、C
解説：
Explanation
SAP BTP, Kyma runtime provides a vendor-neutral integration point for traces, metrics, and logs, mainly using the OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP). For this option, the system you want to connect must support OTLP natively. The observability tools that support OTLP are Loki and Jaeger. Loki is a horizontally-scalable, highly-available, multi-tenant log aggregation system inspired by Prometheus. Jaeger is a distributed tracing system that monitors and troubleshoots transactions in complex distributed systems. Kiali and Grafana are not part of the observability architecture of SAP BTP, Kyma runtime, but they can be installed separately if needed. References: From Observability to Telemetry - a strategy shift in SAP BTP, Kyma Runtime, Accessing the built-in observability tools of Kyma runtime, SAP Help Portal - SAP Online Help
質問 # 28
Which command lists services in the current namespace?
- A. kubectl show services
- B. kubectl get services
- C. kubectl print services
- D. kubectl list services
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The command kubectl get services lists all the services in the current namespace1. The get command is used to display one or more resources in Kubernetes2. The services argument specifies the type of resource to list. To list services in a differentnamespace, you can use the --namespace or -n flag3. References: Kubectl commands to list services, deployments and pods from namespace ..., kubectl Cheat Sheet | Kubernetes, How to get the current namespace of current context using kubectl - Stack Overflow
質問 # 29
Which application-based service proxy does the kyma-gateway use to handle traffic and forwarding to services?
- A. Envoy
- B. Nginx
- C. Traefik
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The kyma-gateway is a custom-configured Istio Ingress Gateway that is installed in the kyma-system namespace. It is the central point of contact for all external traffic that enters the Kyma cluster.
The kyma-gateway uses the Envoy Proxy as an application-based service proxy to handle the traffic and to forward it to the correct Service. Envoy Proxy is a high-performance proxy developed in C++ to mediate all inbound and outbound traffic for all services in the service mesh.
Envoy Proxy supports dynamic service discovery, load balancing, TLS termination, HTTP/2 and gRPC proxies, health checks, staged rollouts, fault injection, and rich metrics.
References:
Using the API Gateway to Expose Services
Extending on-premise systems via Kyma runtime
SAP BTP, Kyma Runtime API Gateway future architecture based on Istio
Exposing a Service in Kyma with API Rules
質問 # 30
What are some characteristics of the API Gateway? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. It is the central point of contact for all internal traffic in the Kyma cluster.
- B. It uses a custom-configured Nginx Ingress Gateway.
- C. It uses Ory Oath keeper to manage access to services.
- D. It uses Envoy Proxy to handle traffic and forward it to the correct service
正解：A、D
解説：
Explanation
The API Gateway is a component that enables exposing and securing services outside the Kyma cluster using the APIRule custom resource (CR)1. The API Gateway has the following characteristics:
It is the central point of contact for all external traffic that enters the Kyma cluster. The API Gateway is a custom-configured Istio Ingress Gateway that is installed in the kyma-system namespace called kyma-gateway2. The kyma-gateway acts as a reverse proxy that routes the incoming requests to the appropriate services based on the host name and the path specified in the APIRule CR3.
It uses Envoy Proxy to handle traffic and forward it to the correct service. The API Gateway is based on the Istio Gateway, which is a load balancer that operates at the edge of the mesh and enables ingress and egress traffic for the cluster. The Istio Gateway is implemented by a pod that runs an Envoy Proxy container, which is responsible for receiving and forwarding the traffic according to the Istio routing rules.
References:
1: Kyma / API Gateway v2
2: Using the API Gateway to Expose Services - SAP Learning
3: SAP BTP, Kyma Runtime API Gateway future architecture based on Istio | SAP Blogs
[4]: Istio / Gateway
[5]: Istio / Envoy
質問 # 31
Which workload type is used to create time-based jobs?
- A. Deployment
- B. CronJob
- C. StatefulSet
- D. Job
正解：B
質問 # 32
Which kubectl command updates objects?
- A. create - <filename> yam
- B. kustomize <filename> yaml
- C. apply -f <filename>.yaml
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Use kubectl apply to create or update resources from a file or stdin. This command does a three-way diff between the previous configuration, the input configuration, and the current configuration of the resource, and then applies the changes.
Use kubectl patch to update Kubernetes API objects in place. Do a strategic merge patch or a JSON merge patch.
Use kubectl replace to delete and re-create the resource. You can use this command to update immutable fields of a resource, such as its kind or name.
References:
Manage Kubernetes Objects
Command line tool (kubectl)
kubectl Quick Reference
質問 # 33
Which open-source project is one part of the API Gateway in Kyma?
- A. OpenCV
- B. Istio
- C. Kodi
- D. Django
正解：B
質問 # 34
If an application requires a persistent state between reboots, what must be done before it can be deployed?
- A. Create a new entry in etcd.
- B. Create a Persistent Volume Claim for a pod.
- C. Create a Persistent Volume in the namespace
正解：B
質問 # 35
What does a service mesh in Kyma typically consist of? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. Control plane
- B. Data plane
- C. Worker node
- D. Master node
正解：A、B
解説：
Explanation
A service mesh in Kyma typically consists of two components: the data plane and the control plane12. The data plane is responsible for handling the communication between the microservices in the cluster. It consists of a set of sidecar proxies (Envoy) that are injected into each pod and intercept the traffic. The control plane is responsible for managing the configuration and policies of the data plane. It consists of a set of components (Istio) that provide features like service discovery, security, traffic management, observability, and more12. References: Discovering the Service Mesh, SAP BTP - KYMA - SERVICE MESH | SAP Blogs
質問 # 36
What does a service mesh in Kyma typically consist of? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. Control plane
- B. Data plane
- C. Worker node
- D. Master node
正解：A、B
解説：
Explanation
A service mesh in Kyma typically consists of two components: the data plane and the control plane12. The data plane is responsible for handling the communication between the microservices in the cluster. It consists of a set of sidecar proxies (Envoy) that are injected into each pod and intercept the traffic. The control plane is responsible for managing the configuration and policies of the data plane. It consists of a set of components (Istio) that provide features like service discovery, security, traffic management, observability, and more12. References: Discovering the Service Mesh, SAP BTP - KYMA - SERVICE MESH | SAP Blogs
質問 # 37
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