GoShiken SPI問題集でリアル試験問題でテストエンジン問題集でトレーニング
ARDMS SPIテスト問題集とオンライン試験エンジン
ARDMS SPI 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 39
What is the primary reason to use compression?
- A. Reduce the focal region
- B. Adjust the contrast resolution
- C. Increase line density
- D. Improve the axial resolution
正解：B
解説：
Compression in ultrasound imaging adjusts the range of grayscale displayed, affecting the contrast resolution.
This function allows sonographers to enhance the differentiation between structures of varying echogenicities.
By modifying the contrast resolution, sonographers can better visualize subtle differences in tissue composition and improve the diagnostic quality of the images.
Increasing contrast resolution is particularly important in differentiating between fluid-filled cysts and solid masses. Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines on image processing and contrast resolution.
質問 # 40
How is intensity of an ultrasound beam measured?
- A. Doppler equation
- B. Hydrophone
- C. Reynold's number
- D. Autocorrelation
正解：B
解説：
The intensity of an ultrasound beam is measured using a hydrophone. A hydrophone is a specialized device that detects and measures the acoustic pressure of the ultrasound waves in water or tissue-mimicking materials. It is highly sensitive and can measure the variations in pressure, which are used to calculate the intensity and other acoustic parameters of the ultrasound beam.
Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines
Hoskins, P. R., Thrush, A., Martin, K., & Whittingham, T. A. (2010). Diagnostic Ultrasound: Physics and Equipment.
質問 # 41
Which color control was adjusted in color bar A to produce color bar B?
- A. Invert
- B. Scale
- C. Baseline
- D. Map
正解：B
解説：
The color bar on a Doppler ultrasound display indicates the range of velocities that the system can detect and display. In color bar A, the scale is set to a higher maximum velocity (64 cm/s), while in color bar B, the scale is set to a lower maximum velocity (16 cm/s). Adjusting the scale (or velocity range) changes the upper and lower limits of the velocities displayed, which affects the sensitivity of the Doppler system to detect flow velocities. Lowering the scale allows for better visualization of lower velocities, but it may also increase the likelihood of aliasing for higher velocities.
Reference:
American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS). Sonography Principles and Instrumentation (SPI) Examination Review Guide.
質問 # 42
During a color Doppler scan, which angle to flow would most likely result in no color being visualized?
- A. 88 degrees
- B. 45 degrees
- C. 3 degrees
- D. 175 degrees
正解：A
解説：
Color Doppler imaging is most effective when the angle between the ultrasound beam and the flow of blood is small.
At an angle of 88 degrees, the flow of blood is nearly perpendicular to the ultrasound beam.
When the angle is close to 90 degrees, the Doppler shift (frequency change) approaches zero, resulting in little to no color being visualized on the Doppler image.
Thus, to obtain a color signal, the angle should be optimized to be as close to 0 degrees as possible, with 60 degrees being the practical limit for accurate Doppler measurements. Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines on Doppler angle and its effect on Doppler imaging.
質問 # 43
Which control determines the amount of amplification occurring in the receiver?
- A. Dynamic range
- B. Overall gain
- C. Output power
- D. Persistence
正解：B
解説：
Overall gain controls the amplification of all the received ultrasound signals uniformly. This adjustment affects the brightness of the entire image by increasing or decreasing the amplification of the echoes returning from all depths. It is a primary control for adjusting image brightness. The overall gain should be set to an appropriate level to ensure that the ultrasound image is neither too bright (over-gained) nor too dark (under-gained), allowing for optimal visualization of the anatomical structures.
Reference:
American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS). Sonography Principles and Instrumentation (SPI) Examination Review Guide.
質問 # 44
At which angle to blood flow would the maximum Doppler shift occur?
- A. 0 degrees
- B. 60 degrees
- C. 30 degrees
- D. 90 degrees
正解：A
解説：
The Doppler shift is highest when the angle between the ultrasound beam and the direction of blood flow is 0 degrees. This is because the cosine of 0 degrees is 1, maximizing the Doppler frequency shift. As the angle increases towards 90 degrees, the cosine value decreases, reducing the Doppler shift.
Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines
Hoskins, P. R., Thrush, A., Martin, K., & Whittingham, T. A. (2010). Diagnostic Ultrasound: Physics and Equipment.
質問 # 45
Which method of sanitizing the transducer would damage piezoelectric crystals?
- A. Alcohol
- B. Autoclave
- C. Bleach
- D. Glutaraldehyde
正解：B
解説：
Autoclaving involves high-pressure steam at high temperatures, which can damage the delicate piezoelectric crystals within the ultrasound transducer. These crystals are responsible for converting electrical energy into sound waves and vice versa. Exposure to the extreme conditions of an autoclave can cause thermal and mechanical damage to the crystals, rendering the transducer ineffective.
Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines
Zagzebski, J. A. (1996). Essentials of Ultrasound Physics.
質問 # 46
What is a potential negative consequence of using a high wall filter?
- A. Aliasing could occur
- B. Desired signal may be eliminated
- C. Penetration is reduced
- D. Too much noise may appear on the image
正解：B
解説：
A high wall filter is used in Doppler ultrasound to eliminate low-frequency signals that may be attributed to vessel wall motion or other low-velocity flows. However, if the wall filter is set too high, it can inadvertently eliminate desired low-frequency Doppler signals that represent real blood flow, particularly in smaller vessels or those with slower flow velocities. This results in a loss of valuable diagnostic information.
Reference: ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation (SPI) Review, Doppler Ultrasound section.
質問 # 47
Which feature is a characteristic of continuous wave Doppler?
- A. Low thermal index
- B. Aliasing
- C. Dedicated transmit and receive crystals
- D. Range specificity
正解：C
解説：
Continuous wave Doppler uses two crystals - one for transmitting and one for receiving ultrasound waves continuously. This allows for the measurement of high velocities without aliasing, a common limitation in pulsed wave Doppler. However, continuous wave Doppler does not have range specificity, meaning it cannot precisely determine the depth from which the Doppler signal is returning.
Reference: ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation, Chapter on Doppler Ultrasound.
質問 # 48
Which statement describes the purpose of using a spectral Doppler wall filter?
- A. To eliminate the lower velocity signals
- B. To eliminate the higher velocity signals
- C. To widen the area in which the Doppler shift is sampled
- D. To clean up the audio signals
正解：A
解説：
The purpose of using a spectral Doppler wall filter is to eliminate lower velocity signals. Wall filters are designed to remove low-frequency Doppler shifts caused by the motion of the vessel walls or surrounding tissues, which are generally of no diagnostic value. By eliminating these lower velocity signals, the wall filter helps to clean up the Doppler signal and reduce clutter, allowing for a clearer and more accurate display of blood flow velocities.
Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation (SPI) Exam Study Guide
"Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments" by Frederick W. Kremkau
質問 # 49
Which color Doppler artifact is visualized in this image?
- A. Twinkle
- B. Ghosting
- C. Bleed
- D. Aliasing
正解：D
解説：
The color Doppler image shows an artifact where high-velocity blood flow exceeds the Nyquist limit, resulting in color wrap-around or aliasing. This artifact is visualized as a mosaic pattern of colors that abruptly change, indicating that the velocity exceeds the color Doppler scale's maximum. Aliasing occurs when the sampling rate (pulse repetition frequency) is insufficient to accurately capture the high velocities, causing the display to cycle back to lower velocities.
Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles & Instrumentation Guidelines
Hagen-Ansert SL. Textbook of Diagnostic Ultrasonography. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2017.
質問 # 50
What causes color flash artifact?
- A. Strong reflector
- B. Aliasing
- C. Tissue motion
- D. High velocity blood flow
正解：C
解説：
Color flash artifact occurs due to tissue motion. This artifact is a type of color Doppler artifact that happens when there is movement of tissue or transducer, which causes the Doppler system to incorrectly interpret the motion as blood flow. This results in a flash of color appearing on the image where there is actually no flow. Tissue motion affects the Doppler signal, leading to misinterpretation by the system, and hence the artifact appears as a flash of color.
Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation (SPI) Exam Study Guide
"Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments" by Frederick W. Kremkau
質問 # 51
Which technique averages individual frames together to improve the image?
- A. Compression
- B. Coded excitation
- C. Harmonic imaging
- D. Persistence
正解：D
解説：
Persistence is a technique used in ultrasound imaging that averages individual frames together to improve the overall image quality. This process helps to reduce noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, leading to clearer and more stable images. By averaging multiple frames, transient artifacts are minimized, and the continuity of structures is better visualized. Persistence is particularly useful in imaging static or slow-moving structures. Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines
"Ultrasound Physics and Technology: How, Why and When" by M. Evans, C. Archer, and K. Weston
質問 # 52
Which adjustment resulted in the change from image A to image B?
- A. Decreased color gain
- B. Decreased acoustic power
- C. Increased transmit frequency
- D. Increased scale
正解：A
解説：
Increased Transmit Frequency: This would generally improve the resolution of the image but does not directly correlate to the changes seen in the provided image link.
Increased Scale: Adjusting the scale changes the velocity range displayed but does not directly affect the speckle or noise reduction.
Decreased Color Gain: Reducing the color gain can decrease the amount of color noise, making the blood flow regions more defined, which aligns with the change observed from image A to image B.
Decreased Acoustic Power: This reduces the overall intensity of the ultrasound beam, affecting penetration depth and overall brightness but is less likely to result in the specific improvements seen.
Reference:
"Understanding Ultrasound Physics" by Sidney K. Edelman
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation study materials
質問 # 53
Which action would increase the frame rate?
- A. Increasing the sector width
- B. Decreasing the logarithmic compression
- C. Increasing the number of lines per frame
- D. Decreasing the number of focal zones
正解：D
解説：
The frame rate in ultrasound imaging is influenced by several factors, including the number of focal zones. Each focal zone requires additional transmission and reception cycles, thus decreasing the frame rate. By decreasing the number of focal zones, the system requires fewer cycles per frame, which increases the frame rate. This enhances the temporal resolution, making it easier to capture fast-moving structures in real-time imaging.
Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles & Instrumentation Guidelines
Hagen-Ansert SL. Textbook of Diagnostic Ultrasonography. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2017.
質問 # 54
Which factor improves axial resolution?
- A. Shorter spatial pulse length
- B. Lower frequency transducer
- C. Decreased compression
- D. Narrower beamwidth
正解：A
解説：
Axial resolution refers to the ability to distinguish two structures that are close to each other along the direction of the sound beam. It is determined by the spatial pulse length (SPL), which is the product of the number of cycles in a pulse and the wavelength. Shorter SPL means shorter pulse duration, which leads to better axial resolution. This is because shorter pulses allow for better separation of echoes from closely spaced structures.
Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines
Kremkau, F. W. (2015). Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments.
質問 # 55
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