更新された2025年04月27日 PSPO-II試験問題集でPDF問題とテストエンジン
最新（2025)Scrum PSPO-II試験問題集
質問 # 32
A user satisfaction gap exists when there is a difference between:
(choose the best two answers)
- A. The user's desired outcome.
- B. The total market size.
- C. The user's actual experience.
- D. The market share of the product.
正解：A、C
解説：
A user satisfaction gap exists when there is a difference between what the user expects from a product or service and what the user actually experiences12. The user's desired outcome is the goal or benefit that the user wants to achieve by using the product or service3. The user's actual experience is the perception and evaluation of the product or service by the user4. If the user's actual experience does not meet or exceed the user's desired outcome, the user will be dissatisfied and may switch to a different product or service.
References:
1: Identifying and Closing the Customer Satisfaction Gap
2: Find the Gaps in Your User Experience
3: [Outcome-Driven Innovation]
4: [User Experience]
5: Measure Business Opportunities with Unrealized Value
質問 # 33
You started measuring product feature usage in your last release. You are surprised to learn that a sizable percentage of the features you thought were very important are never or rarely used.
Which of the following actions could you take to further evaluate this unexpected result?
(choose all that apply)
- A. Disable the features that have never been used and listen for feedback.
- B. Spend more time talking to users to identify the impact they seek.
- C. Run experiments to increase your understanding of what customers find valuable.
- D. Examine whether the rarely used features solve the intended problem.
正解：B、C、D
解説：
Option A is correct because talking to users is one of the best ways to understand their needs, goals, and pain points. By spending more time with them, you can identify the impact they seek from your product and how your features align with that impact. This will help you validate your assumptions and learn from your customers12.
Option B is incorrect because disabling features that have never been used is a risky and potentially harmful action. It may cause frustration and confusion for the users who rely on those features, or who may want to use them in the future. It may also damage your reputation and trust with your customers. Instead of disabling features, you should seek feedback from your users and understand why they are not using them34.
Option C is correct because running experiments is a powerful way to increase your understanding of what customers find valuable. By testing different hypotheses and measuring the outcomes, you can learn from your data and evidence. You can also use experiments to validate your ideas and assumptions before investing in building features5 .
Option D is correct because examining whether the rarely used features solve the intended problem is a crucial step to evaluate your product performance. You should review your product vision and goals, and assess how your features contribute to them. You should also analyze the feedback and data you have collected from your users and stakeholders, and identify any gaps or mismatches between your features and their needs .
Reference:
1: Product Backlog Management
2: Stakeholders & Customers
3: Product Value
4: Evidence-Based Management
5: Product Vision
6: Forecasting & Release Planning
7: [Business Strategy](https://www
質問 # 34
Which of the following statements about the Product Backlog are true? (choose the best two answers)
- A. All Product Backlog items must be expressed as user stories
- B. All Product Backlog items must be identified before the first Sprint begins.
- C. The Product Backlog represents the input of all stakeholders and eliminates any need for the Developers to speak to stakeholders.
- D. The Product Backlog should be visible to the Scrum Team and stakeholders.
- E. The Product Backlog is ordered by the Product Owner
- F. Only the Product Owner can place items on the Product Backlog.
正解：D、E
質問 # 35
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Sprint Backlog? (choose the best answer)
- A. The Product Owner has the final say on the scope and the ordering of the Sprint Backlog
- B. The Developers commit to completing the Sprint Backlog by the end of the Sprint time-box.
- C. It is helpful to have the Sprint Backlog defined before the Sprint Planning.
- D. The Developers own the Sprint Backlog.
正解：D
質問 # 36
What can a Product Owner achieve through experimentation? (choose all that apply)
- A. Eliminating all uncertainty and risks to the future success of a Product.
- B. Identifying waste
- C. Understanding Product-Market fit and if a viable business can be created around a Product.
- D. Making decisions on investment strategies and funding
正解：B、C、D
質問 # 37
Experimentation can help a Product Owner to: (select all that apply)
- A. Reduce waste
- B. Understand the Product/Market fit and business viability of a product.
- C. Have complete certainty as to the future success of a product.
- D. Make decisions on whether to invest and build something.
正解：A、B、D
質問 # 38
What can an organization benefit from the short iterations? (choose the best answer).
- A. Get feedback from stakeholders faster.
- B. None of the above.
- C. All of the above.
- D. Understand the customer's needs better.
- E. Minimize and control risk better.
- F. Validate the hypotheses faster.
正解：C
質問 # 39
Which of the following measures might help you determine whether your product is delivering value to your customers? (choose the best answer)
- A. All of the above.
- B. None of the above
- C. The average cost of your product release.
- D. The on-schedule performance of the Scrum Team
- E. How often your customers use your product.
- F. The number of "must-do" Product Backlog items delivered in a release.
正解：E
質問 # 40
When does an individual Developers member can take full ownership of a Sprint Backlog Item? (choose the best answer)
- A. Whenever a team member thinks that more work can be accommodated.
- B. During the Sprint Retrospective, this is the event in which an individual Team Member can request full responsibility for a Product Backlog Item.
- C. After the product owner and the stakeholders discuss the budget, market and future plans for the next Sprint at the end of the Sprint Review.
- D. Never. The Sprint Backlog Items are owned by the whole the Developers, though each Sprint Backlog Item could be done by an individual Developers member
- E. During the Daily Scrum
正解：D
質問 # 41
Personas can help to:
(choose the best answer)
- A. Understand the needs of a set of users.
- B. Understand market potential.
- C. Discover key buying triggers.
- D. Formulate hypotheses about product value.
- E. All of the above.
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
Personas are fictional characters that represent the different user types that might use your product or service in a similar way1. Personas can help you to2345:
* Understand the needs of a set of users by creating empathy and insight into their goals, behaviors, and pain points.
* Formulate hypotheses about product value by identifying the problems and opportunities that your product can address for each user type.
* Understand market potential by estimating the size and characteristics of each user segment and their willingness to pay for your product.
* Discover key buying triggers by exploring the motivations, influences, and decision-making processes of each user type.
* Design and test your product features and user experience by using personas as a guide and a reference point. References:
* 1: Personas - A Simple Introduction
* 2: The Complete Guide to User Personas and How They Can Help Your Marketing Strategy (With Examples)
* 3: Personas | Usability.gov
* 4: The importance of personas for digital experience
* 5: Personas | Definition and Overview
質問 # 42
Your executive leadership team believes that your product can achieve higher market share.
. The Sales Leader is pressuring you to reduce the price of the product to attract more customers.
. The Director of Finance is concerned that reducing the price will merely reduce the product's profitability.
What sources of information should you consider when deciding whether to drop the price as the Sales Leader is suggesting?
(choose the best four answers)
- A. Competitor pricing.
- B. Channel sales strategy.
- C. Market share.
- D. Unmet customer needs.
- E. Customer satisfaction.
- F. Company earnings targets.
正解：A、C、D、E
解説：
The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. They are also accountable for effective Product Backlog management, which includes ordering the Product Backlog items to best achieve goals and missions1. The Product Owner should consider various sources of information to make informed decisions about the product, such as customer feedback, market trends, stakeholder input, and data analysis2.
When deciding whether to drop the price of the product, the Product Owner should consider the following sources of information:
Customer satisfaction: The Product Owner should measure and monitor how satisfied the customers are with the product, and how likely they are to recommend it to others. Customer satisfaction is a key indicator of product value and quality, and it can also influence customer retention and loyalty. The Product Owner should use various methods to collect customer feedback, such as surveys, interviews, reviews, ratings, and net promoter score23.
Market share: The Product Owner should track and compare the product's market share with its competitors and potential customers. Market share is the percentage of the total market that is captured by the product, and it reflects the product's popularity and demand. The Product Owner should use market research, sales data, and industry reports to analyze the market share and identify opportunities and threats24.
Unmet customer needs: The Product Owner should identify and prioritize the customer needs that are not yet met by the product or its competitors. Unmet customer needs are the gaps or problems that the customers face, and that the product can solve or address. The Product Owner should use techniques such as user stories, personas, value proposition canvas, and jobs to be done to discover and validate the unmet customer needs25.
Competitor pricing: The Product Owner should benchmark and compare the product's pricing with its competitors and alternatives. Competitor pricing is the amount of money that the customers have to pay to acquire or use a similar or substitute product. The Product Owner should use competitive analysis, price elasticity, and value-based pricing to determine the optimal pricing strategy for the product2 .
The other option, company earnings targets, is not a relevant source of information for the Product Owner, as it does not reflect the value or the demand of the product. The Product Owner should focus on delivering value to the customers and the stakeholders, rather than meeting arbitrary financial goals. The company earnings targets may also change over time, and they may not align with the product vision or the market reality2 .
References: 1: Scrum Guide 2: Managing Products with Agility 3: Customer Feedback 4: Market Share 5: Unmet Customer Needs : [Competitor Pricing] : [Company Earnings Targets]
質問 # 43
You have been a Product Owner at a new company for a few weeks. It has become clear to you that many people, both inside and outside the Scrum Team, expect close involvement in the decisions that you, as a Product Owner, are accountable for. As a result, you find that it takes too long to make decisions.
Which of the following are reasonable options you could take? (choose the best three answers)
- A. Allow other members of the Scrum Team to continues as the decision makers, but keep a list of decisions that do not deliver their intended value.
- B. Create and share a delegation board that display your decision-making areas and work with your Scrum Team to clarify decision making accountability and responsibility.
- C. Demonstrate, with the help of data, how long it is taking you to make decisions and the impact that the long decision-making cycle has on delivering value to the customers.
- D. Work with your Scrum Master to better understand what next steps you can take to move the company's understanding of product ownership up in the maturity curve towards Entrepreneur.
- E. Start making all the decisions you are accountable for without consulting the others who have expressed interest.
正解：A、C、D
質問 # 44
As an investor or shareholder, which of the following measures might give you insight about whether a product is delivering value?
(choose all that apply)
- A. Market Share.
- B. Revenue per Employee.
- C. The weekly velocity of the Developers.
- D. The average selling price as compared to close competitors.
- E. Product profitability.
正解：A、B、D、E
解説：
A, B, C, and D are correct because they are all measures of the value that a product delivers to the customers and the organization1. Revenue per Employee indicates the efficiency and productivity of the product development2. Market Share shows the competitive advantage and customer satisfaction of the product3. The average selling price as compared to close competitors reflects the perceived value and quality of the product4. Product profitability measures the financial return and viability of the product5. E is incorrect because the weekly velocity of the Developers is not a measure of value, but a measure of output and capacity.
Velocity does not indicate whether the product is meeting the needs and expectations of the customers and the stakeholders.
質問 # 45
True or False: Should the Product Owner care about the dependencies between software or tools?
- A. False
- B. True
正解：A
質問 # 46
The most important thing a Product Owner can do is:
(choose the best answer)
- A. Function as the single source of truth for all requirements.
- B. Maximize the value delivered by the product.
- C. Ensure that all stakeholder needs are met.
- D. Determine the release schedule and contents.
正解：B
解説：
According to the Professional Scrum Product Owner™ II certification guide1, the Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. This means that the Product Owner is responsible for defining, ordering, and validating what the Scrum Team works on, and ensuring that the product delivers value to the customers, users, and the organization. The other options are not the most important thing a Product Owner can do, because they are either too narrow (A), too unrealistic (B), or too prescriptive ©. References: 1: Professional Scrum Product Owner™ II Certification | Scrum.org
質問 # 47
Yasmine, a Product Owner, sees that sales for his product is declining whereas a competitor's is increasing.
Which Key Value Areas (KVA) can help Yasmine analyze and decide what to do next? (choose the best two answers)
- A. Current Value
- B. Ability to Innovate
- C. Unrealized Value
- D. Time to Market
正解：A、C
質問 # 48
Shelly, a Product Owner, does not have enough time to do all the works she needs and she is now overloaded.
Which approach could help Shelly solve the current issue? (choose the best answer)
- A. Delegate some tasks such as interviewing, writing User Story to the Developers.
- B. Ask the manager to hire one more Product Owner so that she can share the workload.
- C. All of the above
- D. Hire an external Business Analyst in order to spread the workload.
正解：A
質問 # 49
Which of the following is true about Scrum?
(choose all that apply)
- A. Scrum is a framework for generating value through adaptive solutions for complex problems.
- B. Each component of Scrum serves a specific purpose and is essential to the successful usage of Scrum for building complex products.
- C. Scrum is based on empiricism.
- D. Scrum is like traditional processes but with self-management to replace Project Managers.
- E. Scrum is a methodology, where you can "pick and choose" which parts of Scrum you think will work for your environment.
正解：A、B、C
解説：
Scrum is a lightweight framework that helps people, teams and organizations generate value through adaptive solutions for complex problems. Scrum consists of three roles (Scrum Master, Product Owner and Developers), five events (Sprint, Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review and Sprint Retrospective), and three artifacts (Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog and Increment). Each component of Scrum serves a specific purpose and is essential to the successful usage of Scrum. Scrum is not a methodology, where you can "pick and choose" which parts of Scrum you think will work for your environment. Scrum is a whole, and each part of Scrum complements the others. Scrum is based on empiricism, which means that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is observed. Scrum employs an iterative, incremental approach to optimize predictability and control risk. Scrum is not like traditional processes but with self-management to replace Project Managers. Scrum is a different way of working that requires a shift in mindset and culture. Scrum promotes self-organization, collaboration, transparency, inspection and adaptation.
Reference:
Professional Scrum Product Owner™ II Certification
Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework
[The Scrum Guide]
質問 # 50
Which of the following would likely be the least effective way to enhance the agility of your future product development?
(choose the least effective approach)
- A. Clearly understand the producer, buyer/consumer relationship.
- B. Lean on your organizational efficiency and existing architecture to build your product aligned to the current organization.
- C. Form a holistic view of how the customer sees your product.
- D. Consider whether there is a significantly large enough market for your product.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
As a Product Owner, you need to embrace agility and empiricism in your product development. This means that you should be able to inspect and adapt your product based on feedback from the market, customers, users, and stakeholders. You should also be able to experiment and learn from your failures and successes. To do this, you need to have a flexible and adaptable product architecture that can support frequent changes and new features. You also need to collaborate with your Scrum Team and other teams in the organization to deliver value incrementally and iteratively. Therefore, leaning on your organizational efficiency and existing architecture to build your product aligned to the current organization is the least effective way to enhance your agility. This approach can limit your innovation, creativity, and responsiveness to the changing needs and expectations of your customers and users. It can also create silos, dependencies, and conflicts within and across teams, and reduce the quality and value of your product.
References:
* Professional Scrum Product Owner™ II Certification
* Evolving the Agile Organization
* Managing Products with Agility
質問 # 51
The Evidence-Based Management framework helps you to: (choose the best answer)
- A. Improve your ability to deliver value.
- B. Better track your progress against plans.
- C. Improve the predictability of Scrum Team velocity.
- D. Understand whether your PMO is efficient.
正解：A
質問 # 52
When should the Product Owner update the project plan? (choose the best answer)
- A. Scrum forbids having a project plan.
- B. The Product Backlog is the plan in Scrum. It is updated as new information and insights emerge.
- C. Before the Sprint Planning to know how much work will have to be done in the Sprint.
- D. After the Daily Scrum to ensure an accurate daily overview of project progress.
正解：B
質問 # 53
Personas can help to:
(choose the best answer)
- A. Understand the needs of a set of users.
- B. Understand market potential.
- C. Discover key buying triggers.
- D. Formulate hypotheses about product value.
- E. All of the above.
正解：E
質問 # 54
What is a benefit of frequent product releases?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Smaller, more frequent releases are less risky.
- B. They help teams to learn how to correct and eliminate errors.
- C. They help teams better understand and meet customer needs.
- D. None of the above.
- E. All of the above.
- F. They enable teams to inspect and adapt more frequently.
正解：E
解説：
Frequent product releases are beneficial for several reasons. They enable teams to inspect and adapt more frequently, which means they can get faster feedback, validate their assumptions, and improve their product incrementally. They help teams better understand and meet customer needs, which means they can deliver more value, increase customer satisfaction, and build trust and loyalty. They help teams to learn how to correct and eliminate errors, which means they can reduce waste, improve quality, and prevent technical debt. Smaller, more frequent releases are less risky, which means they can reduce uncertainty, avoid big-bang failures, and enable faster recovery123. Reference: 1: Managing Products with Agility 2: Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework 3: Evolving the Agile Organization
質問 # 55
You are the Product Owner for a product with diverse stakeholders with differing opinions that sometimes conflict.
Your Director of Marketing strongly believes that you should add a major new feature to reach a new market. Your CEO believes that the new feature is too expensive and thinks you should focus on other features to make existing customers happier. The CEO says that as Product Owner it is ultimately your decision.
You think both perspectives have merit, but you cannot do both. How should you proceed?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Devise an experiment that will help the company to better understand the new market and its potential.
- B. Trust the Director of Marketing's opinion and add the features; when revenues increase, you will be vindicated.
- C. Better understand the positions of other stakeholders to gather more information, then make a decision.
- D. Trust the CEO's opinion and focus on current customers, since you cannot afford unhappy customers.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
= As a Product Owner, you are accountable for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Developers. To do this, you need to have a clear vision of the product and its target users, as well as a validated understanding of the market opportunities and risks. You also need to collaborate with stakeholders and customers to align their expectations and feedback with the product goals and strategy.
In this scenario, you face a dilemma between pursuing a new market segment or satisfying the existing customers. Both options have potential value, but also uncertainty and trade-offs. The best way to proceed is to devise an experiment that will help you to test your assumptions and learn more about the new market and its potential. This could be a small-scale release, a prototype, a survey, or any other method that can provide you with empirical evidence and feedback. By doing this, you can reduce the risk of investing in a feature that may not deliver the expected value, and also gain insights that can help you to refine your product vision and backlog.
This approach is consistent with the principles of agile product management, which emphasize delivering value early and often, validating hypotheses with data, and adapting to changing customer needs and market conditions. It also demonstrates your ability to apply the Scrum values of openness, courage, and respect, as you are willing to explore new possibilities, challenge your own opinions, and involve your stakeholders and customers in the decision-making process. References := Scrum Guide, Managing Products with Agility, Evidence-Based Management
質問 # 56
The "cone of uncertainty" can be used to ______ (choose the best answer)
- A. Shows the remaining amount of work remaining on a project
- B. Identify uncertainties.
- C. Calculate the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) before the project begins.
- D. Make the scope of work clearer after a certain number of Sprints.
- E. Predict the completion date of the project, tell the user the exact Sprint project completes.
正解：D
質問 # 57
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