試験問題集でECP-206練習で無料最新のEricsson練習テスト
ECP-206試験問題、リアルECP-206練習問題集
質問 # 10
Which protocol would be used to bundle multiple Ethernet ports into a virtual link with an aggregated bandwidth?
- A. LACP
- B. VRRP
- C. RSTP
- D. ERP
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The protocol that would be used to bundle multiple Ethernet ports into a virtual link with an aggregated bandwidth is LACP, which stands for Link Aggregation Control Protocol. LACP is a protocol that allows two or more devices to negotiate the formation of a link aggregation group (LAG), also known as an EtherChannel or a port channel. A LAG combines multiple physical links into one logical link that provides increased bandwidth, load balancing, and redundancy. LACP is defined in IEEE 802.3ad and 802.1AX standards12.
References: Link Aggregation Control Protocol - Wikipedia, What is "link aggregation" and how does it benefit your network? | PC Gamer
質問 # 11
Which two statements are true about router node hardening? (Choose two.)
- A. IPsec should be implemented to secure IGP routing protocols.
- B. Any unnecessary services should be disabled within each context.
- C. Enabling syslog ensures system events are logged to a remote server.
- D. LDAP, using the TLS protocol, should be implemented for remote logging.
正解：B、C
解説：
Explanation
Two statements that are true about router node hardening are:
Any unnecessary services should be disabled within each context. Router node hardening is a process of securing a router from unauthorized access and attacks by applying various configurations and policies.
One of these configurations is to disable any services that are not needed for the router's functionality or purpose, such as telnet, ftp, http, etc. This reduces the attack surface of the router and prevents potential exploits of these services91.
Enabling syslog ensures system events are logged to a remote server. Syslog is a protocol that allows a router to send system messages and events to a remote server for logging and analysis. By enabling syslog on a router, network administrators can monitor the router's activity and performance, troubleshoot problems, detect anomalies, and audit security events101.
References: Cisco Router Hardening Step-by-Step | SANS Institute, Security Hardening Checklist Guide for Cisco Routers/Switches in 10 Steps, CCNA SEC: Router Hardening - Cisco Press
質問 # 12
What does an LDP implicit null label cause?
- A. penultimate hop popping by an upstream router
- B. forwarding the packet unchanged
- C. swapping with a new label
- D. penultimate hop popping by a downstream router
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
An LDP implicit null label causes penultimate hop popping by a downstream router. LDP is a protocol that distributes labels for MPLS forwarding along the shortest path calculated by an IGP. An implicit null label is a special label value of 3 that indicates that the downstream router does not need a label to forward the packet to its destination. When an upstream router receives an implicit null label from a downstream router, it removes (or pops) the label from the packet before sending it to the downstream router. This process is called penultimate hop popping (PHP) and it reduces the load on the downstream router, which can forward the packet based on its IP header or another label in the stack59.
References: MPLS Label Distribution Protocol Commands - Cisco, Solved: Implicit null and Explicit null - Cisco Community
質問 # 13
Which two protocols apply to both IPv4 and IPv6? (Choose two.)
- A. MD
- B. DNS
- C. SNMP
- D. ARP
正解：B、C
解説：
Explanation
Two protocols that apply to both IPv4 and IPv6 are:
SNMP: This stands for Simple Network Management Protocol, which is a protocol that allows network administrators to monitor and manage network devices such as routers, switches, servers, printers, etc.
SNMP uses a client-server model, where an SNMP manager (client) can query or configure an SNMP agent (server) on a network device using SNMP messages. SNMP can operate over both IPv4 and IPv6 networks56.
DNS: This stands for Domain Name System, which is a protocol that translates human-readable domain names (such as www.example.com) into numerical IPaddresses (such as 192.0.2.1 or 2001:db8::1) that identify network devices. DNS uses a hierarchical distributed database of name servers that store and resolve domain names and IP addresses. DNS can support both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses78.
References: Simple Network Management Protocol - Wikipedia, SNMP over IPv6 - Cisco, Domain Name System - Wikipedia, DNS for IPv6 - Cisco
質問 # 14
Which device will fragment IPv6 packets?
- A. source host
- B. firewall
- C. destination host
- D. router
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The device that will fragment IPv6 packets is the source host. Fragmentation is a process of dividing a large packet into smaller pieces that can fit the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the network link. In IPv4, fragmentation can be performed by either the source host or any intermediate router along the path. However, in IPv6, fragmentation is only allowed at the source host, and routers are not allowed to fragment packets. This reduces the processing overhead and complexity at routers and avoids potential fragmentation attacks. If a router receives an IPv6 packet that is too large for the next-hop link, it will drop the packet and send an ICMPv6 Packet Too Big message back to the source host56.
References: IPv6 address - Wikipedia, IPv6 Fragmentation - Cisco
質問 # 15
What network information is, without additional configuration, shared between two iBGP neighbors by default?
- A. BGP routes learned from eBGP neighbors
- B. IP address information from all directly connected interfaces
- C. IP address information of loopback interfaces
- D. BGP routes learned from an OSPF neighbor
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
iBGP works by exchanging routing information between two or more routers within an AS. Each router sends its own routing table to its neighbors, which contains information about the networks it knows and how they can be reached from that router. By default, iBGP neighbors only share BGP routes learned from eBGP neighbors, which are routers in different ASes. This is because iBGP assumes that all routers within an AS have consistent internal routing information provided by an IGP, such as OSPF or IS-IS. Therefore, iBGP neighbors do not need to share IP address information of loopbackinterfaces or directly connected interfaces, unless explicitly configured to do so by using commands such as neighbor update-source or network.
References: iBGP Ultimate Guide | How iBGP Is Different From eBGP, Ericsson IP Networking - Routing Protocols
質問 # 16
In your network, video traffic is being marked with DSCP code AF31.
Based on industry standard practice, which code would you use to assign higher priority to VoIP traffic?
- A. AF21
- B. DF
- C. EF
- D. AF11
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The code that is commonly used to assign higher priority to VoIP traffic is EF, which stands for Expedited Forwarding. EF is a per-hop behavior (PHB) defined by the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) model for QoS.
EF provides low delay, low jitter, and low loss for real-time applications such as VoIP. EF is marked by setting the DSCP value to 101110, which corresponds to decimal 4678. AF31, which stands for Assured Forwarding class 3 low drop probability, is another PHB defined by DiffServ, but it provides lower priority than EF. AF31 is marked by setting the DSCP value to 011010, which corresponds to decimal 2678. DF, which stands for Default Forwarding, is a PHB defined by DiffServ that provides best-effort service for unmarked traffic. DF is marked by setting the DSCP value to 000000, which corresponds to decimal 078.
AF11, which stands for Assured Forwarding class 1 low drop probability, is another PHB defined by DiffServ, but it provides lower priority than EF and AF31. AF11 is marked by setting the DSCP value to 001010, which corresponds to decimal 1078.
References: Differentiated services - Wikipedia, Solved: Cisco VoIP Phone traffic marking - Cisco Community
質問 # 17
Which two statements are true regarding the LSP? (Choose two.)
- A. The LSP refers to a sequence of routers that add. remove, or change label values along the path.
- B. The LSP refers to a specific label assigned to a packet by the LSR for a destination.
- C. The LSP refers to a sequence of routers that add, remove, or change label values based on the destination MAC address.
- D. The LSP refers to a sequence of routers that forward the MPLS packet based on labels.
正解：A、D
解説：
Explanation
Two statements that are true regarding the LSP are:
The LSP refers to a sequence of routers that forward the MPLS packet based on labels. An LSP is a Label Switched Path, which is a path through an MPLS network that is established by signaling protocols such as LDP or RSVP-TE. An LSP consists of a sequence of routers (called Label Switching Routers or LSRs) that forward packets based on labels rather than IP addresses. Labels are short fixed-length identifiers that are attached to packets at the ingress router and removed at the egress router. Labels can be swapped or popped at intermediate routers according to their label forwarding tables78.
The LSP refers to a sequence of routers that add, remove, or change label values along the path. As mentioned above, an LSP consists of a sequence of routers that forward packets based on labels. Along the path, different routers may perform different operations on the labels depending on their role and configuration. The ingress router adds one or more labels to the packet before sending it into the MPLS network. The egress router removes all labels from the packet before sending it out of the MPLS network. The intermediate routers may swap one label with another label according to their label forwarding tables. This process is called label switching78.
References: MPLS Fundamentals: 3 - MPLS Packet Forwarding, Multiprotocol Label Switching - Wikipedia
質問 # 18
Which statement accurately defines an Autonomous System (AS)?
- A. An AS is a collection of IS-IS routes imported into BGP and presented in such a way that networks connected to the AS have a global overview of the network.
- B. An AS is a group of networks directly connected to each other that can distribute eBGP information using directly established links.
- C. An AS is a set of routers under a single administration, using an interior gateway protocol and common metrics to route packets within the AS.
- D. An AS is a network that is capable of autonomously forwarding packets, regardless of direct or indirect connectivity to the Internet.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The statement that accurately defines an Autonomous System (AS) is that an AS is a set of routers under a single administration, using an interior gateway protocol and common metrics to route packets within the AS.
An AS is a logical grouping of networks that share a common routing policy and operate under a single administrative authority. An AS can be a single network or a collection of networks that are interconnected by routers. An AS uses an interior gateway protocol (IGP), such as OSPF or IS-IS, to exchange routing information within the AS. An IGP uses common metrics, such as hop count or bandwidth, to determine the best path to each destination within the AS. An AS also has a unique number assigned by IANA, called an AS number (ASN), which identifies the AS in interdomain routing .
References: [Autonomous system (Internet) - Wikipedia], [What Is an Autonomous System? - Cisco]
質問 # 19
Review the exhibit.
A service provider wants to connect the sites for two customers (indicated in red and green in the exhibit). The two customers are using the same IP ranges 192.168.0.0/16.
Referring to the exhibit, what should the service provider do to accomplish this task?
- A. Use a separate OSPF instance for each customer.
- B. Use a unique AS number for each customer.
- C. Implement L3VPN using the MP-BGP protocol.
- D. Connect each customer to dedicated PEs.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Referring to the exhibit, the service provider should implement L3VPN using the MP-BGP protocol to connect the sites for two customers (indicated in red and green in theexhibit). L3VPN is a type of VPN that uses MPLS to provide IP connectivity between customer sites across a service provider network. L3VPN allows customers to use overlapping or identical IP addresses without causing conflicts or requiring NAT. L3VPN uses MP-BGP to exchange VPN routes between PE routers, which are routers that connect customer networks to the service provider network. MP-BGP is an extension of BGP that can carry multiple address families, such as VPNv4 or VPNv6, along with additional attributes, such as route distinguisher (RD) and route target (RT). RD is used to make customer routes unique within the service provider network, while RT is used to control which routes are imported or exported between different VPNs3 .
References: L3VPN - Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks - Mpirical, [Use of MP-BGP Extensions for IPv6 Interdomain Routing]
質問 # 20
Which protocol would be used to bundle multiple Ethernet ports into a virtual link with an aggregated bandwidth?
- A. LACP
- B. VRRP
- C. RSTP
- D. ERP
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The protocol that would be used to bundle multiple Ethernet ports into a virtual link with an aggregated bandwidth is LACP, which stands for Link Aggregation Control Protocol. LACP is a protocol that allows two or more devices to negotiate the formation of a link aggregation group (LAG), also known as an EtherChannel or a port channel. A LAG combines multiple physical links into one logical link that provides increased bandwidth, load balancing, and redundancy. LACP is defined in IEEE 802.3ad and 802.1AX standards12.
References: Link Aggregation Control Protocol - Wikipedia, What is "link aggregation" and how does it benefit your network? | PC Gamer
質問 # 21
Which router function advertises external routes in OSPF?
- A. designated router
- B. backbone router
- C. ABR
- D. ASBR
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The router function that advertises external routes in OSPF is ASBR, which stands for Autonomous System Boundary Router. An ASBR is a router that connects an OSPF domain to another routing domain, such as another OSPF domain or a different routing protocol domain. An ASBR can redistribute routes from other routing domains into OSPF as external routes, which are carried in type 5 or type 7 LSAs. External routes have two types: E1 and E2. E1 routes include the cost from the ASBR to the destination, while E2 routes only include the cost advertised by the ASBR34.
References: OSPF External Routes IpCisco, OSPF External Route selection algorithm - Cisco Community
質問 # 22
What is the purpose of the RT attribute?
- A. to prevent OSPF routing loops in an L3VPN environment
- B. to identify the destination VPN on the efress PE
- C. to request BGP neighbors to avoid routing through a private AS
- D. to indicate an MPLS LSP as the next hop routing target
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The purpose of the RT attribute is to identify the destination VPN on the egress PE. RT stands for route target, which is a BGP extended community attribute that is used in MPLS VPNs. RT is attached to VPN routes by the ingress PE router and is used to control the import and export of routes between different VPNs. The egress PE router uses the RT value to determine which VPN routes belong to which VPN customers and installs them in the appropriate VRF table56.
References: IP Routing: BGP Configuration Guide - BGP-RT and VPN ... - Cisco, <rt>: The Ruby Text element - MDN Web Docs
質問 # 23
What is used for Ethernet loop avoidance?
- A. Spanning-Tree
- B. Split-Horizon
- C. Poison-Reverse
- D. Time-to-Live (TTL)
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Spanning-Tree is used for Ethernet loop avoidance. Spanning-Tree is a protocol that prevents loops in Ethernet networks by creating a logical tree topology of the network switches. Spanning-Tree blocks some of the redundant links between switches to ensure that there is only one active path between any two nodes in thenetwork. Spanning-Tree also detects and recovers from link failures by activating alternative paths when needed56.
References: Network loops and loop avoidance - Medium, Spanning Tree Protocol - Wikipedia
質問 # 24
Which two features does IPsec provide? (Choose two.)
- A. hiding the content of packets from observation
- B. protecting packets from modification
- C. controlling the path through the network
- D. protecting the length of packets from discovery
正解：A、B
解説：
Explanation
IPsec provides two main features: protecting packets from modification and hiding the content of packets from observation. IPsec protects packets from modification by using cryptographic algorithms to generate and verify message authentication codes (MACs) or digital signatures for each packet. These mechanisms ensure that the packets have not been tampered with or altered in transit by unauthorized parties. IPsec hides the content of packets from observation by using encryption algorithms to scramble the payload of each packet. This prevents eavesdroppers or interceptors from reading or analyzing the data carried by the packets12.
References: What is IPsec? | How IPsec VPNs work | Cloudflare, IPsec - Wikipedia
質問 # 25
Review the exhibit.
Referring to the exhibit, which two Ericsson routers support the 100GE interface? (Choose two.)
- A. Router 6273
- B. Router 6675
- C. Router 6471
- D. Router 6672
正解：B、D
解説：
Explanation
Referring to the exhibit, the two Ericsson routers that support the 100GE interface are Router 6675 and Router
6672. The 100GE interface is a high-speed Ethernet interface that operates at 100 gigabits per second. The Ericsson Router 6000 series is a family ofrouters that provide IP transport for mobile and fixed networks. The Router 6675 is a 5G combined access and E-RAN switch with 100GE interfaces and 320Gb forwarding capacity. The Router 6672 is a high-capacity metro aggregation router with 100GE interfaces and 1.6Tb forwarding capacity12.
References: Router 6000 Series - Ericsson, New Ericsson Router 6000 series couples radio and IP transport for
5G future - Global Brands Magazine
質問 # 26
Based on industry standard practice, what is the correct order of DiffServ priority (highest to lowest) for the DiffServ classes: Default Forwarding (DF), Network Control (NC), Assured Forwarding (AF), and Expedited Forwarding (EF)?
- A. EF, AF, NC, DF
- B. EF, NC, AF, DF
- C. NC, EF, AF, DF
- D. NC, EF, DF, AF
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The correct order of DiffServ priority (highest to lowest) for the DiffServ classes: Default Forwarding (DF), Network Control (NC), Assured Forwarding (AF), and Expedited Forwarding (EF) is EF, NC, AF, DF.
DiffServ is a QoS model that classifies and prioritizes traffic into different service classes based on the DSCP field in the IP header. The DSCP field is a 6-bit field that can encode up to 64 different per-hop behaviors (PHBs). The DiffServ classes are predefined groups of PHBs that have similar characteristics and requirements. The four main DiffServ classes are:
EF: This class provides the highest priority and lowest delay for real-time applications such as voice and video. The DSCP value for EF is 101110 or 46 in decimal12.
NC: This class provides the second highest priority and low delay for network control traffic such as routing protocols and network management. The DSCP value for NC is 110000 or 48 in decimal12.
AF: This class provides four levels of assured forwarding with different drop probabilities for each level. AF is suitable for applications that require guaranteed bandwidth and delivery assurance, such as web browsing and email. The DSCP values for AF range from 001010 to 011110 or 10 to 46 in decimal12.
DF: This class provides the lowest priority and best-effort service for applications that can tolerate packet loss and delay, such as file transfer and backup. The DSCP value for DF is 000000 or 0 in decimal12.
References: Differentiated Services - Wikipedia, DSCP - Differentiated Services Code Point - Mpirical
質問 # 27
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