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質問 # 18
Why would you use observability tools in SAP BTP, Kyma runtime?
- A. To run distributed tracing
- B. To manage StatefulSets
- C. To monitor system behaviour
正解：A、C
解説：
Explanation
Observability tools are used to monitor system behaviour and performance, as well as to troubleshoot issues and identify root causes. Observability tools in SAP BTP, Kyma runtime include Grafana, Prometheus, Loki, and Jaeger, which provide dashboards, metrics, logs, and traces for the workloads running in the cluster1. Distributed tracing is a technique to track the flow of requests across microservices and visualize the latency, errors, and dependencies of each service2. Observability tools help developers and operators to ensure the reliability, availability, and security of their applications and services.
質問 # 19
If an application requires a persistent state between reboots, what must be done before it can be deployed?
- A. Create a new entry in etcd.
- B. Create a Persistent Volume Claim for a pod.
- C. Create a Persistent Volume in the namespace
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
A Persistent Volume Claim (PVC) is a request for storage by a user. It is similar to a Pod, which is a request for compute resources by a user. A PVC enables a Pod to consume a slice of the available storage in the cluster without knowing the details of the underlying storage infrastructure. A PVC is associated with a StorageClass, which defines the type and characteristics of the storage. A PVC is also bound to a Persistent Volume (PV), which is an abstraction of the physical or cloud-based storage resource. A PV is created by the cluster administrator and has a lifecycle independent of any Pod. A PVC can specify the size, access mode, and storage class of the PV it requires. Before deploying an application that needs persistent state, a user must create a PVC for the Pod that will run the application. The PVC will then be automatically bound to a suitable PV by the cluster, or dynamically provisioned if the storage class supports it. The Pod can then mount the PVC as a volumeand access the persistent storage12345. References: Persistent Volumes | Kubernetes, How Kubernetes Persistent Volume Claims Work - CBT Nuggets, Exploring Kubernetes Storage: Persistent Volumes and Persistent Volume Claims - Atatus, Configure a Pod to Use a PersistentVolume for Storage | Kubernetes, kubernetes - How to mount a persistent volume on a Deployment/Pod using PersistentVolumeClaim? - Stack Overflow.
質問 # 20
Which open-source projects provide data visualization in the kyma-system Namespace? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. Prometheus Web UI
- B. Grafana
- C. Loki
- D. Vector
正解：A、B
質問 # 21
What are some characteristics of stateless workloads? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. References to past transactions are stored.
- B. No data is persisted.
- C. No references to past transactions are stored.
- D. Data is shared.
正解：B、C
解説：
Explanation
Stateless workloads are workloads that do not store any data or application state on the host that serves the requests. Instead, they rely on the information provided by the client or an external service, such as a database, to process each request independently. Stateless workloads do not keep any references to past transactions or interactions, and they can be handled by any available server. Stateless workloads are more scalable, fault-tolerant, and easier to manage than stateful workloads, which require persistent storage and session management. Some examples of stateless workloads are web servers, print servers, or microservices. References: Stateful vs stateless - Red Hat, Create stateless workloads | Google Distributed Cloud Hosted - Google Cloud, Stateless vs Stateful Kubernetes - WEKA
質問 # 22
Which of the following open-source projects does SAP BTP, Kyma runtime use to expose and analyze in-cluster telemetry data? Note: There are 3 correct Answers to this question.
- A. Opstrace
- B. Vector
- C. Crafana
- D. Prometheus
- E. Loki
正解：C、D、E
解説：
Explanation
SAP BTP, Kyma runtime uses the following open-source projects to expose and analyze in-cluster telemetry data:
Loki: Loki is a log aggregation system that collects logs from various sources and stores them in a scalable and queryable way. Loki is integrated with Grafana to provide a unified interface for log analysis1.
Prometheus: Prometheus is a time-series database that collects metrics from instrumented applications and stores them in a time-series database. Prometheus is a pull-based system, which means that applications need to expose an endpoint from which Prometheus can scrape the metrics2.
Grafana: Grafana is a visualization and analysis tool to visualize and query time-series data. With Grafana, you can create dashboards that show the current state of your applications. Grafana can easily visualize data from Prometheus, Loki, and other sources2.
References:
1: Accessing the built-in observability tools of Kyma runtime
2: Describing Observability in Kyma
質問 # 23
A Kubernetes cluster is a set of which of the following?
- A. Proxies
- B. Data centers
- C. Machines
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A Kubernetes cluster is a set of machines, either physical or virtual, that run Kubernetes agents and are managed by the control plane1. A cluster consists of at least one control plane node and one or more worker nodes. The control plane node runs the processes that control the cluster, such as the API server, the scheduler, and the controller manager. The worker nodes run the pods that host the containerized applications. Machines can be grouped into node pools, which are sets of machines that share the same configuration, such as size, type, or labels2. References: 1(https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/components/), 2(https://www.redhat.com/en
質問 # 24
Why is a headless service type recommended for StatefulSets in Kubernetes?
- A. Pods managed by a StatefulSet have stable names and can be accessed directly without a service IP address.
- B. Pods managed by a StatefulSet have randomly named hashes that CANNOT be used by a regular service for load balancing.
- C. StatefulSets require a load balancer with a single IP address to balance traffic across randomly named pods.
正解：A
質問 # 25
What does a pod in Kubernetes represent?
- A. Virtual operating system
- B. Smallest deployable units in Kubernetes
- C. Container for exactly one application
- D. Thin wrapper around multiple deployments
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
A pod in Kubernetes represents the smallest deployable units of computing that you can create and manage in Kubernetes. A pod is a group of one or more containers, with shared storage and network resources, and a specification for how to run the containers. A pod can run a single container or multiple containers that need to work together. Pods are the basic building blocks of Kubernetes applications, and they can be scaled, updated, and monitored by higher-level resources, such as deployments, services, or jobs. References: Pods | Kubernetes, What is a Kubernetes pod? - Red Hat, Kubernetes Pods - GeeksforGeeks
質問 # 26
What's the responsibility of the Kubernetes cluster master node? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. Maintain etod
- B. Maintain network rules between applications
- C. Schedule workloads
- D. Run deployed applications
正解：A、C
解説：
Explanation
The Kubernetes cluster master node is responsible for running the Kubernetes control plane, which manages the entire cluster. The control plane consists of several components, such as the API server, etcd, controller manager, and scheduler. The etcd is a distributed key-value store that holds the cluster state and configuration.
The scheduler is responsible for assigning workloads to the available worker nodes, based on the resources andconstraints. The master node does not run deployed applications, nor does it maintain network rules between applications. Those tasks are handled by the worker nodes and the kube-proxy component. References: Nodes | Kubernetes, Kubernetes master and worker nodes, Kubernetes Nodes - The Complete Guide - Komodor
質問 # 27
What happens when you delete a pod managed by a Replica Set?
- A. The pod is deleted until the redeployment of the Replica Set.
- B. The Replica Set is deleted as well.
- C. The Replica Set will schedule a new pod.
正解：C
質問 # 28
Which tool does SAP BTP, Kyma runtime use for log collection?
- A. Fluent Bit
- B. Prometheus
- C. Jaeger
- D. Kiali
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
SAP BTP, Kyma runtime uses Fluent Bit as the tool for log collection. Fluent Bit is an open-source log processor and forwarder that allows you to collect data and logs from different sources, enrich them with filters, and send them to multiple destinations. Fluent Bit is deployed as a DaemonSet on every node of the Kyma runtime cluster, and collects logs from the containers running on the node. Fluent Bit forwards the logs to Loki, a log aggregation system that is compatible with Prometheus12. References: Fluent Bit, Logging | SAP Help Portal.
質問 # 29
What does a service mesh in Kyma typically consist of? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. Worker node
- B. Master node
- C. Control plane
- D. Data plane
正解：C、D
解説：
Explanation
A service mesh in Kyma typically consists of two components: the data plane and the control plane12. The data plane is responsible for handling the communication between the microservices in the cluster. It consists of a set of sidecar proxies (Envoy) that are injected into each pod and intercept the traffic. The control plane is responsible for managing the configuration and policies of the data plane. It consists of a set of components (Istio) that provide features like service discovery, security, traffic management, observability, and more12. References: Discovering the Service Mesh, SAP BTP - KYMA - SERVICE MESH | SAP Blogs
質問 # 30
For which workload requirements would you use StatefulSet? Note: There are 3 correct Answers to this question.
- A. Stable, unique network identifiers
- B. Ordered network identifiers
- C. Ordered, graceful deployment and scaling
- D. Ordered, persistent storage
- E. Stable, persistent storage
正解：A、C、E
解説：
Explanation
A StatefulSet is a workload type that runs one or more pods that maintain a stable identity and persistent storage1. StatefulSets are suitable for applications that require one or more of the following2:
Ordered, graceful deployment and scaling: StatefulSets ensure that pods are created and deleted in a sequential, ordered manner. Pods are assigned ordinal numbers that reflect their order in the set. Pods are scaled in reverse order of creation. StatefulSets also respect pod disruption budgets to limit the number of pods that are down simultaneously.
Stable, persistent storage: StatefulSets use PersistentVolumeClaims to provide each pod with its own persistent storage. The PersistentVolumeClaim of a pod is not deleted when the pod is deleted, which preserves the state of the application across pod rescheduling.
Stable, unique network identifiers: StatefulSets use a headless service to provide each pod with a unique network identity. Pods have a stable hostname based on their ordinal number and the name of the StatefulSet. Pods can use this hostname to communicate with each other and access their own or other pods' data.
References
1(https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/), 2(https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/s
質問 # 31
What is the secret and configuration management feature in Kyma?
- A. A credential store and manager
- B. A local password manager
- C. A configuration assistant
- D. An object store
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Kyma uses Kubernetes secrets as the secret and configuration management feature. A secret is an object that contains sensitive data, such as passwords, tokens, or keys, that can be accessed by authorized pods or users.
Secrets can be created manually, generated dynamically, or imported from external sources. Kyma provides a custom resource (CR) called ServiceBinding that allows you to create secrets for service instances and inject them into your workloads. You can also use the Service Catalog UI or the Service Management CLI to manage your secrets123. References: Secrets | Kubernetes, Service Binding | SAP Help Portal, Service Catalog
| SAP Help Portal, Service Management CLI | SAP Help Portal
質問 # 32
Which deployment strategy for new versions avoids downtimes?
- A. Zero downtime
- B. Recreate
- C. Rolling update
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
A zero downtime deployment is a technique that allows updating an application without interrupting its availability or functionality. It usually involves creating a separate environment for the new version and switching the traffic to it once it is ready. This way, the users do not experience any disruption or errors during the deployment process. A zero downtime deployment can be achieved by using different strategies, such as blue-green deployments, canary deployments, or rolling updates123. References: Zero Downtime Deployment Techniques: Rolling Update, Zero Downtime Deployment Techniques - Blue-Green Deployments, 5 Effective Deployment Strategies To Release Applications In 2021
質問 # 33
Which of the following are parts of the architecture of the SAP BTP Service Operator for Kubernetes? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
- A. API server
- B. kubelet
- C. Storage system
- D. Service broker
正解：A、D
質問 # 34
Which command lists the pods in a specific namespace?
- A. kubectl print pods n <namespace>
- B. kubectl get pods -n <namespace>
- C. kubectl show pods -n <namespace>
- D. kubectl list pods n <namespace>
正解：B
質問 # 35
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2024年最新の問題SAP Certified Development Associate合格目指してC_KYMD_01リアル試験をマスターせよ！：https://www.goshiken.com/SAP/C_KYMD_01-mondaishu.html
練習問題C_KYMD_01には画期的なSAP Certified Development Associate - Side-by-Side Extensibility based on SAP BTP, Kyma runtime練習試験問題：https://drive.google.com/open?id=10icjlffq4ImoiRSKkkRuOZW069tpOy_-