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質問 # 90
Which of the following is an example of a flat file?
- A. JSON file
- B. CSV file
- C. JPEG file
- D. PDF file
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
A CSV file is a type of flat file that stores data as plain text in a table-like structure with rows and columns.
Each row represents a single record, while columns represent fields or attributes of the data. A CSV file uses commas or other delimiters to separate the values in each row. A CSV file can be easily imported or exported by various applications and programs12
質問 # 91
A data analyst was asked to create a chart that shows the relationship between study hours and exam scores for each student using the data sets in the table below:
Which of the following charts would BEST represent the relationship between the variables?
- A. A histogram
- B. A scatter plot
- C. A heat map
- D. A bar chart
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
This is because a scatter plot is a type of chart that shows the relationship between two variables for each observation or unit in a data set, such as study hours and exam scores for each student in this case. A scatter plot can be used to display and analyze the correlation, trend, or pattern among the variables, as well as identify any outliers or clusters in the data. For example, a scatter plot can show if there is a positive, negative, or no correlation between study hours and exam scores, as well as show if there are any students who have unusually high or low exam scores compared to their study hours. The other charts are not the best charts to represent the relationship between the variables. Here is why:
A histogram is a type of chart that shows the frequency or the count of values in a single variable for different intervals or bins, such as exam scores for different ranges in this case. A histogram can be used to display and analyze the distribution, shape, or spread of the variable, as well as identify any gaps, peaks, or skewness in the data. For example, a histogram can show if most students have high, low, or average exam scores, as well as show if there are any intervals that have no students at all.
A heat map is a type of chart that shows the intensity or the magnitude of values in two variables for different categories or groups, such as exam scores and study hours for different student names in this case. A heat map can be used to display and analyze the variation, contrast, or comparison among the categories or groups, as well as identify any hot spots, cold spots, or gradients in the data. For example, a heat map can show which students have higher or lower exam scores and study hours than others, as well as show if there is a color pattern that indicates a relationship between exam scores and study hours.
A bar chart is a type of chart that shows the value or the amount of a single variable for different categories or groups, such as exam scores for different student names in this case. A bar chart can be used to display and analyze the comparison, ranking, or proportion among the categories or groups, as well as identify any differences, similarities, or outliers in the data. For example, a bar chart can show which students have higher or lower exam scores than others, as well as show if there are any students who have exceptionally high or low exam scores.
質問 # 92
An analyst is required to run a text analysis of data that is found in articles from a digital news outlet. Which of the following would be the BEST technique for the analyst to apply to acquire the data?
- A. Web scraping
- B. Data wrangling
- C. Sampling
- D. ETL
正解：A
質問 # 93
An analyst is designing a dashboard to determine which site has the highest percentage of new customers. The analyst must choose an appropriate chart to include in the dashboard. The following data is available:
Which of the following types of charts should be considered to BEST display the data?
- A. Include a scatter chart using the site and the percent of new customers data.
- B. Include a pie chat using the site and percentage of new customers data.
- C. Include a bar chart using the site and the percentage of new customers data.
- D. Include a line chart using the site and the percentage of new customers data.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
This is because a bar chart is a type of chart that shows the value or the amount of a single variable for different categories or groups, such as the percentage of new customers for different sites in this case. A bar chart can be used to display and analyze the comparison, ranking, or proportion among the categories or groups, as well as identify any differences, similarities, or outliers in the data. For example, a bar chart can show which site has the highest or lowest percentage of new customers, as well as show how much each site contributes to the total percentage of new customers. The other types of charts are not the best charts to display the data. Here is why:
A line chart is a type of chart that shows the change or the trend of a single variable over time, such as the percentage of new customers over months or years in this case. A line chart can be used to display and analyze the movement, cycle, or pattern of the variable, as well as identify any peaks, valleys, or fluctuations in the data. For example, a line chart can show how the percentage of new customers increases or decreases over time, as well as show if there are any seasonal or periodic variations in the data.
A pie chart is a type of chart that shows the proportion or the percentage of a single variable for different categories or groups, such as the percentage of new customers for different sites in this case. A pie chart can be used to display and analyze the composition, distribution, or share of the variable, as well as identify any segments, slices, or fractions in the data. For example, a pie chart can show how much each site represents of the total percentage of new customers, as well as show if there are any dominant or minor sites in the data.
A scatter chart is a type of chart that shows the relationship between two variables for each observation or unit in a data set, such as the percentage of new customers and another variable for each site in this case. A scatter chart can be used to display and analyze the correlation, trend, or pattern among the variables, as well as identify any outliers or clusters in the data. For example, a scatter chart can show if there is a positive, negative, or no correlation between the percentage of new customers and another variable, such as sales revenue or customer satisfaction.
質問 # 94
Alex wants to use data from his corporate sale, CRM, and shipping systems to try and predict future sales.
Which of the following systems is the most appropriate?
Choose the best answer.
- A. OLAP.
- B. OLTP.
- C. Data Warehouse.
- D. Data mart.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Correct answer: C. Data Warehouse.
Data warehouse bring together data from multiple systems used by an organization.
A data mart is too narrow, as Alex needs data from across multiple divisions.
OLAP is a broad term of analytical processing, and OLTP systems are transactional and not ideal for this task.
質問 # 95
What European law requires that organizations handling personal information designate a Data Protection Officer (DPO)?
- A. GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)
- B. HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
- C. FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)
- D. GLBA (Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act)
正解：A
解説：
The General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 is a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the European Union and the European Economic Area.
質問 # 96
James wants to analyze profit based on sales of five different product categories.
His source data set consists of 5.8 million rows with columns including region, product category, product name, and sales price.
How should he manipulate the data to facilitate his analysis?
Choose the best answer.
- A. Transpose by product name and summarize.
- B. Transpose by region and summarize.
- C. Transpose by product category and summarize.
- D. Transpose by sales price and summarize.
正解：C
解説：
Correct answer B. Transpose by product category and summarize.
We can transpose this data by product category to perform this analysis broken out by product category.
Transposing by sales price, region, or product name will not further his state analytical goal.
質問 # 97
Which of the following is an example of a data-mining ETL tool?
- A. Cognos
- B. SPSS
- C. SSIS
- D. Stata
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A data-mining ETL tool is a software application that performs extract, transform, and load (ETL) operations on data for data mining purposes. Data mining is the process of discovering patterns, trends, and insights from large and complex data sets. ETL tools help to prepare the data for analysis by extracting data from various sources, transforming data into a consistent and suitable format, and loading data into a data warehouse or other destination. SSIS (SQL Server Integration Services) is an example of a data-mining ETL tool that is part of Microsoft SQL Server. SSIS provides graphical tools and wizards for building and debugging ETL packages that can work with various data sources and destinations. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
References: [Data Mining - SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) | Microsoft Docs], [What Is Data Mining? | Oracle]
質問 # 98
Which one of the following would not normally be considered a summary statistic?
- A. Mean.
- B. Variance.
- C. Standard deviation.
- D. z-score.
正解：D
解説：
Simply put, a z-score (also called a standard score) gives you an idea of how far from the mean a data point is. But more technically it's a measure of how many standard deviations below or above the population mean a raw score is. A z-score can be placed on a normal distribution curve.
質問 # 99
A development company is constructing a new Init in its apartment complex. The complex has the following floor plans:
Using the average cost per square foot of the original floor plans. which of the following should be the price of the Rose Init?
- A. $640,900
- B. $702,500
- C. $705,200
- D. $690,000
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The correct answer is D. $702,500.
To find the price of the Rose unit, we need to use the average cost per square foot of the original floor plans.
The average cost per square foot is calculated by dividing the price by the square footage of each unit type.
Using the data from the table, we can do the following:
Jasmine: $345,000 / 1,000 = $345 per square foot
Orchid: $525,000 / 2,000 = $262.5 per square foot
Azalea: $375,000 / 1,500 = $250 per square foot
Tulip: $450,000 / 1,800 = $250 per square foot
The average cost per square foot of the original floor plans is the mean of these four values, which is ($345 +
$262.5 + $250 + $250) / 4 = $276.875 per square foot.
To find the price of the Rose unit, we need to multiply the average cost per square foot by the square footage of the Rose unit. The Rose unit has a square footage of 2,535, according to the table. Therefore, the price of the Rose unit is $276.875 x 2,535 = $702,421.875.
Rounding to the nearest whole number, we get as the price of the Rose unit.
質問 # 100
A data analyst has been asked to derive a new variable labeled "Promotion_flag" based on the total quantity sold by each salesperson. Given the table below:
Which of the following functions would the analyst consider appropriate to flag "Yes" for every salesperson who has a number above 1,000,000 in the Quantity_sold column?
- A. Logical
- B. Mathematical
- C. Aggregate
- D. Date
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
A logical function is a type of function that returns a value based on a condition or a set of conditions. For example, the IF function in Excel can be used to check if a certain condition is met, and then return one value if true, and another value if false. In this case, the data analyst can use a logical function to check if the Quantity_sold column is greater than 1,000,000, and then return "Yes" if true, and "No" if false. This would create a new variable called Promotion_flag that indicates whether the salesperson has sold more than
1,000,000 units or not. References: CompTIA Data+ Certification Exam Objectives, Logical functions (reference)
質問 # 101
The category PII (Personally identifiable information) includes all of the following, except_________.
- A. Trade secrets.
- B. Financial information.
- C. Browsing habits.
- D. Medical records.
正解：A
質問 # 102
Given the following data tables:
Which of the following MDM processes needs to take place FIRST?
- A. Creation of a data dictionary
- B. Standardization of data field names
- C. Consolidation of multiple data fields
- D. Compliance with regulations
正解：A
質問 # 103
Which of the following describes the method of sampling in which elements of data are selected randomly from each of the small subgroups within a population?
- A. Stratified
- B. Simple random
- C. Cluster
- D. Systematic
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
This is because stratified is a type of sampling in which elements of data are selected randomly from each of the small subgroups within a population, such as age groups, gender groups, or income groups. Stratified sampling can be used to ensure that the sample is representative and proportional of the population, as well as reduce the sampling error or bias. For example, stratified sampling can be used to select a sample of voters from different political parties based on their proportion in the population. The other types of sampling are not the types of sampling in which elements of data are selected randomly from each of the small subgroups within a population. Here is why:
Simple random is a type of sampling in which elements of data are selected randomly from the entire population, without dividing it into any subgroups. Simple random sampling can be used to ensure that every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected, as well as avoid any systematic error or bias. For example, simple random sampling can be used to select a sample of students from a school by using a lottery or a computer-generated number.
Cluster is a type of sampling in which elements of data are selected randomly from a few large subgroups within a population, such as regions, districts, or schools. Cluster sampling can be used to reduce the cost and complexity of sampling, as well as increase the feasibility and convenience of sampling. For example, cluster sampling can be used to select a sample of households from a few neighborhoods by using a map or a list.
Systematic is a type of sampling in which elements of data are selected at regular intervals from an ordered list or sequence within a population, such as every nth element or every kth element. Systematic sampling can be used to simplify and speed up the sampling process, as well as ensure that the sample covers the entire range or scope of the population. For example, systematic sampling can be used to select a sample of books from a library by using an alphabetical order or a numerical order.
質問 # 104
Analyze the values of X shown below
(2,2,5,6,7)
What is the modal value?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解：C
質問 # 105
Which of the following BEST describes standard deviation?
- A. A measure that is used to find the significant difference between variables
- B. A measure of the amount of dispersion of a set of values
- C. A measure of how data is distributed
- D. A measure that is used to establish a relationship between two variables
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
A measure of the amount of dispersion of a set of values. This is because standard deviation is a type of statistical measure that quantifies how much the values in a data set vary or deviate from the mean or the average of the data set. Standard deviation can be used to describe the spread or the distribution of the data, as well as to identify any outliers or extreme values in the data. For example, a low standard deviation indicates that the values are close to the mean, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values are far from the mean. The other options are not correct descriptions of standard deviation. Here is why:
A measure that is used to establish a relationship between two variables is not a correct description of standard deviation, but rather a description of correlation or regression, which are types of statistical measures that quantify how two variables are related or associated with each other. Correlation or regression can be used to test or model the dependence or the influence of one variable on another variable, as well as to predict or estimate the value of one variable based on the value of another variable.
A measure of how data is distributed is not a correct description of standard deviation, but rather a description of frequency or probability, which are types of statistical measures that quantify how often or how likely a value or an event occurs in a data set. Frequency or probability can be used to describe the occurrence or the chance of the data, as well as to compare or contrast different categories or groups of the data.
A measure that is used to find the significant difference between variables is not a correct description of standard deviation, but rather a description of hypothesis testing or inferential statistics, which are types of statistical methods that use sample data to make generalizations or conclusions about a population or a parameter. Hypothesis testing or inferential statistics can be used to test or verify a claim or an assumption about the data, as well as to measure the confidence or the error of the estimation.
質問 # 106
What technique is used to swap the values in rows and columns of tabular data?
- A. Classification.
- B. Transposition.
- C. Association.
- D. Regression.
正解：B
質問 # 107
The duration of a phone call in milliseconds is an example of:
- A. continuous data.
- B. nominal data.
- C. ordinal data.
- D. boolean data.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The correct answer is D. Continuous data.
Continuous data is a type of quantitative data that can take any value within a range and can be measured with infinite precision. Continuous data can be expressed as fractions, decimals, or percentages. Examples of continuous data are height, weight, temperature, time, speed, etc12 The duration of a phone call in milliseconds is an example of continuous data, because it can take any value within a range (from zero to infinity) and can be measured with infinite precision (up to milliseconds or even smaller units). The duration of a phone call in milliseconds can also be expressed as fractions, decimals, or percentages of a larger unit (such as seconds, minutes, or hours).
Ordinal data is not correct, because ordinal data is a type of qualitative or categorical data that can be ordered or ranked according to some criterion. Ordinal data can have a logical order, but the intervals between the values are not equal or meaningful. Examples of ordinal data are grades, ratings, ranks, etc12 Nominal data is not correct, because nominal data is a type of qualitative or categorical data that can be labeled or named without any order or ranking. Nominal data can have a finite number of categories or classes, but the categories have no intrinsic value or hierarchy. Examples of nominal data are gender, color, nationality, etc12 Boolean data is not correct, because boolean data is a type of binary data that can have only two possible values: true or false. Boolean data can be used to represent logical statements, conditions, or outcomes.
Examples of boolean data are yes/no, on/off, 1/0, etc.
質問 # 108
You recently downloaded a file containing website visitor logs from your organization's web server.
What term best describes these logs at this point in the process?
- A. Intelligence.
- B. Data.
- C. Schema.
- D. Information.
正解：B
質問 # 109
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