GoShiken L4M8リアル試験問題L4M8練習問題集
厳密検証されたL4M8試験問題集と解答で無料提供のL4M8問題と正解付き
CIPS L4M8認定試験は世界的に認識されており、調達専門家で非常に尊敬されています。これは、戦術的または運用レベルで調達に関与している個人や、より戦略的なレベルに進むことを検討している個人に適しています。この認定は、調達と組織への影響をよりよく理解したい他のビジネス機能の個人にも関連しています。
CIPS L4M8 認定試験の別の利点は、この分野で成功するために必要な幅広いトピックをカバーしていることです。これらのトピックには、契約管理、交渉スキル、サプライヤ管理などが含まれます。この試験の勉強と合格により、個人は調達とサプライチェーン管理のすべての主要な分野を包括的に理解することができます。
質問 # 58
Describe three benefits of working cross-functionally
正解：
解説：
Working cross-functionally is the involvement of all departments involved in an organization to contribute knowledge, skills and innovation towards adding value of achieving the organization's strategic goal. All functions may include; procurement, maintenance, marketing, finance, human resources working together in procurement activity to come up with the best strategy or selecting the supplier that best suit the organization.
When working cross functionally, members of the organization gives support by believing in the end goal, assist during difficult time, help troubleshoot any issue, providing the required resources and sharing information.
質問 # 59
Create a list of primary and secondary Data sources?
正解：
解説：
Data can be primary or secondary
Primary data are derived from original work or research through experience. Primary data can be gathered from the following sources; 1) Interview (2) survey (3) meetings (4) case studies.
Secondary data is derived from a previous source, i.e. somebody else has gathered the data. Sec-ondary data can be gained from; (1) Books (2) Websites, Trade magazines, etc
質問 # 60
What are the four quadrants in the Mendelow stakeholder matrix?
正解：
解説：
Stakeholder are individuals or organizations that can be affected directly or indirectly by any project or decision. For successful procurement activities to take place, stakeholders must be identified, engaged and managed. Not all stakeholders require the same level of engagement and management. To appropriately manage identified stakeholders, the Mendelow management matrix has categorized stakeholders in four quadrants, according to how low or high their power and interest in the project could be. The four categories are:
1) Minimum effort (low power-Low interest)
2) Keep satisfied (high power-Low interest)
3) Keep informed (Low power - high interest)
4) Manage closely (High power- High interest)
質問 # 61
Which sector most frequently uses invitation to tender?
正解：
解説：
The public sector uses tenders a lot more in the working environment than private sector.
質問 # 62
What Incoterm applies here?
The supplier is responsible for delivering the goods to a carrier or to an intermediate agreed place. From this point, the buyer is responsible for ensuring these goods reach their named destination.
- A. CIP - Carriage and Insurance Paid to
- B. FCA - Free Career
- C. EXW - Ex Works
- D. CPT - Carriage Paid To
正解：D
質問 # 63
Describe one implied term and one expressed term from a contract with which you are familiar.
正解：
解説：
Terms are the right and duties agreed between parties which are then documented in contract. Terms can be implied or expressed.
Implied terms are always present in a contract and are set by national laws; implied terms do not have to be written or verbally agreed : they always exist, for example sales of Gods Act, good being fit for purpose, Negligence ,confidence , whereas expressed terms are negotiated and agreed rather than being automatically included, express terms are agreed between, parties negotiating the contract. For example; payment terms, specification, delivery details and quantities.
質問 # 64
Which products or services should not be considered for outsourcing, according to Carter's out-sourcing matrix
正解：
解説：
Carters outsource matrix is a useful tool that procurement professionals uses to decide which products or services has a high or low contribution to the organization operation performance and its strategic importance. The matrix segments products/services into four quadrants. These are Eliminate, outsource, strategic alliance and retain.
According to Carters outsource matrix, all product/services that has a high strategic importance should not be outsourced. They should rather be retained in house or carefully chose suitable sup-pliers and go into strategic alliance.
質問 # 65
How does positive social impact present itself?
正解：
解説：
Organizations which display good behavior create a positive social impact. The community in which they are based and to which they supply will benefit from the following.
1. High employment
2. Fair wages
3. low pollution
4. sustainable resources
5. Engagement and movement with local organization
質問 # 66
Describe what should be considered when creating damages terms in a contract.
正解：
解説：
Damages are 'sum of money that the supplier pays if it fails to carry out its contractual obligation.
When creating terms for damages in the contract, it should be considered that Damages are categorized into two types (liquidated and un-liquidated). And which or if both are applicable to the contract in hand.
Liquidate Damages are fixed amount of money agreed between the parties that is payable if a contract is breached. For example, knowing that supplier not being able to install a device properly in a power transformer may destroy the device and going ahead to include a fee in the contract if the device was destroyed.
Un-liquidated damages are unfixed amount of money. It is used when the amount of money that will compensate the injured party cannot be known in advance. A court decides the amount when the damages occur. For example, knowing that supplier not being able to install a device properly in a power transformer may destroy the device, other appliances and equipment unknown, cause the buyer delay in the process and reputational damage as in customer dissatisfaction. Yet, unquantifiable as both parties are unable to fix a fee in advance on the damages and leaving it to the court to decide the damage if it may occur.
質問 # 67
What is commissioning?
正解：
解説：
Commissioning is bringing something new into working condition, e.g start running a gas plant after building it. Commissioning is one of the eight elements that form the cycle of whole life asset management. The commissioning of an asset has the following associated costs, installation, training insurance, testing, operational efficiencies/performance and quality.
質問 # 68
How can procurement professionals select suppliers?
正解：
解説：
During the sourcing stage of the procurement cycle, the procurement professional needs to identify and select suppliers to fulfill the business needs. Supplier selection involves evaluating suppliers against predetermine criteria to assess their suitability in working with the buying organization. Suppliers can be evaluated according to Carter's 10Cs which are as follows: (1) Competency (2) capacity (3) consistency (4) control (5) cost (6) commitment (7) cash (8) Clean (9) culture (10) communication.
Procurement professionals can decide to evaluate and select suppliers based on the overall strategy and the business objectives. After that, it most suitable suppliers receive the documentation (Invitation to tender/ request for quotation).
質問 # 69
Justify which of the five approaches to condition performance monitoring you think is the most cost effective within whole life asset management.
正解：
解説：
Condition performance monitoring is a surveillance system that is designed to get the maximum production uptime and availability out of an asset. And this can be achieved by timely monitoring and measuring of temperature, vibration, output, speed, noise, emissions and quality. With this, decision has to be made as to what, if any, action needs to be taken. The five approaches to condition performance monitoring are as follows:
1. Do nothing: Use like a commodity. This will bring worries later.
2. Reactive: Fix it when it breaks. This will run to failure.
3. Preventive: Scheduled maintenance.
4. Predictive: Fix it before it breaks. Predict faults.
5. Proactive: Continuous improvement defect elimination.
The most cost-effective approach is 'Proactive', because is the only approach that has continuous improvement in the process, people and policies to minimize downtime. Being proactive takes defect out of the system and continuously harness opportunity that will optimize the system
質問 # 70
What are the four stages of decommissioning?
正解：
解説：
When a fixed asset reaches the end of its life, it requires decommissioning before reconditioning or disposal.
Decommissioning is to observe all the safety measures and technical procedures and stop active machinery or an asset from operation (example gas plan, generator, transformer etc.
Decommissioning process include the following aspect
1) Preparation: Plan the process
2) Dismantle: Take the asset apart and remove hazardous waste
3) Processing: make safe any hazardous waste
4) Disposal: Ensure paper work is received to confirm removal and disposal
質問 # 71
What are five recognized types of modern slavery?
正解：
解説：
Modern slavery is against ethical and responsible sourcing. Modern slavery is one of the areas to understudy for procurement professionals to carry out ethical and responsible sourcing and this is recognized in five ways.
1. Human trafficking: The process of seeking, recruiting, transporting and exploiting individuals to work against their will. Often human trafficking includes violence, deception, and coercion.
2. Bonded labour (debt bondage): This is an individual's promise to provide service through ex-ploitation as repayment, or part thereof, of a dept or other obligation.
3. Forced labour: Work that people are forced to do with the treat of punishment if it is not carried out.
4. Children labour: The exploitative and illegal employment of children.
5. Domestic slavery: Individuals exploited through working in private households for little or no money in return for living accommodation
質問 # 72
Describe two ways in which an organization with which you are familiar could use continuous im-provement as part of whole life asset management.
正解：
解説：
Continuous improvement relates to removing waste from the supply chain and improving processes to increase efficiency within whole life asset management in a full power project (a flour producing firm) can benefit from continuous improvement in the following ways;
1) Reduce cost of spears by recondition parts, instead of disposing them out rightly.
2) Can reduce down time by conducting routine maintenance after hours.
3) Can reducing accident by up skilling operators on safety
4) Can reduce waste oil by following owner's manual instead of relying on experience.
5) Create efficiencies by operating a 24/7 shift pattern.
質問 # 73
What are the 3Ps in the triple bottom line.
正解：
解説：
Trying to measure how sustainable an organization was use to be challenging undertaking. However, during the 1990s, a concept brought up by American John Elkington change the way sustainability was measured. This framework is known as the triple bottom line (TBL) and measures sustainability in relation to organizational performance and investment against the 3Ps (1) Profits (2) People (3) Planet. For example; Profit: A packaging manufacturer reinvesting its profits in State- of-the-art recycling machinery for it wasted cardboard.
People: A large privately owned call centre donate its end of life computers to a local youth clubs and social groups to help gain internet cases.
Planet: A driving instructors using only hybrid vehicles to teach her learners, thus to reducing Co2 emission.
質問 # 74
What is depreciation and deterioration?
正解：
解説：
When an organization want to purchase an asset, it considers the depreciation and deterioration in the whole life of the asset and how it will be manage.
Depreciation is the reduction in value of a tangible and a fixed asset over time. The purpose of calculating the depreciation of the asset is to give the organization a fair and current view of what the asset is worth at a particular time. Depreciation is a way of converting the cost of an asset into an expense over a period of time. Depreciation is a permanent feature listed against an asset throughout its life time and it based on wear and tear, reduction in performance and reduction in value.
Deterioration is the process of something becoming lower in quality or performance. The longer the asset can last without deteriorating the better value the asset represents.
質問 # 75
Research the values and ethical code of practice of an organization with which you are familiar.
正解：
解説：
Fullpower projects is a training firm that trains on project management and procurement. It has the following values and ethical code of practice
1) Accountability
2) selflessness
3) openness
4) integrity
5) objectives
6) Honesty
7) Leadership
質問 # 76
Create a list of tangible, intangible, direct and indirect needs within an organization with which you are familiar.
正解：
解説：
Tangible costs are the cost an organization incur acquiring items that can be physically touched and or seen. Examples includes; 1) Capital Purchase 2) Raw materials 3) Sundry items 4) Vehi-cles/transport 5) Utilities Intangible costs are the cost an organization incurs acquiring something that cannot be physically seen or touched. Examples include; 1) Insurance 2) Marketing 3) Research and development 4) Salaries and/pension 5) Services 6) Training.
Direct costs - These are costs that an organization incurs acquiring product and services directly attributable/traceable to its production, for example, the cost of labour and materials directly uses to produce the goods/services which the organization sells. In the case of buying and running a Lorry for transport fleet, this would be 1) total cost of acquiring the lorry,) Tooling 3) Operation.
Indirect cost - These are costs that are not directly associated to production, for example, materials and services not used in production, labour/ staff cost not directly attributed to production, such as management, sales and marking, ICT support, rents. In the case of buying and running a Lorry for transport fleet. Examples are; 1) Insurance 2) Disposal.
質問 # 77
What are Carter's 10Cs?
正解：
解説：
Carter's 10cs is a detailed mechanism that procurement professional uses to evaluate potential supplier. What the procurement professional should consider in supplier are the following 10 things.
1) Competency 2) capacity 3) Cost 4) Cash 5) Clean 6) Consistency 7) Control 8) Culture 9) Com-mitment 10) Communication.
質問 # 78
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CIPS L4M8試験は、調達の専門家が理解するために必要なトピックをカバーしています。これらのトピックには、サプライヤー管理、契約管理、交渉、調達戦略の開発などが含まれます。試験はまた、リスク管理、倫理的考慮事項、持続可能な調達プラクティスなどの領域もカバーしています。全体的に、試験は候補者が調達とサプライチェーン管理の理論を実際のシナリオに適用する能力をテストするように設計されています。
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