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質問 # 55
Which of the following holds the supplier responsible for ensuring that stock is maintained at appropriate levels and replenished when needed at the purchaser s facility'
- A. Re-order point system
- B. ABC analysis
- C. Vendor-managed inventory
- D. Consignment
正解：C
解説：
Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) places the responsibility on the supplier to maintain stock lev-els at the purchaser's facility. This system enhances supply chain efficiency, reduces inventory costs, and ensures timely replenishment based on actual consumption patterns.
質問 # 56
Which of the following refers to an agreement between a buyer and supplier in which vendor-owned inventory is stored on the buyer's floor until it is used in production?
- A. Vendor-managed
- B. Just-in-time
- C. Consignment
- D. Point-of-use
正解：C
解説：
Consignment refers to an agreement where vendor-owned inventory is stored on the buyer's premises until it is used. The supplier retains ownership until the items are consumed, reducing the buyer's upfront inventory costs and risks associated with holding stock.
質問 # 57
A firm hires a new staff member in its warehousing department. As a FIRST step in the training of this employee, the warehouse manager should
- A. show the employee how to separate disposable vs recyclable packaging, to ensure the employee understands environmental compliance requirements
- B. verify that the employee knows how to operate the warehouse equipment and tools correctly
- C. explain the company's safety policy and verify that the employee understands all safety-related requirements
- D. demonstrate how to package products in the correct manner, so that the employee can begin with packaging assignments
正解：C
解説：
The first step in training a new warehouse employee should be to explain the company's safety policy and verify understanding of all safety-related requirements (Option C). Safety is paramount in warehouse environments to prevent accidents and ensure compliance with regulations. Providing comprehensive safety training first helps instill a culture of safety and protects both the employee and the organization. Reference:
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards.
質問 # 58
If a shipment has a gross weight of 500 pounds and overall dimensions of 42 inches x 48 inches x 48 inches, what is the density of the shipment (in pounds per cubic foot)?
- A. 0.005
- B. 5.0
- C. 0.744
- D. 8.9
正解：D
解説：
To find the density of the shipment, we use the formula:
Density = Weight / Volume.
The volume of the shipment is calculated as (42/12) x (48/12) x (48/12) cubic feet. Thus, Volume = 56 cubic feet.
Density = 500 pounds / 56 cubic feet = 8.9 pounds per cubic foot.
This calculation shows the shipment's density as Option C. Reference: Basic principles of density calculation.
質問 # 59
Which of the following describes a market structure where there are few sellers and many buyers and where price is controlled by either an industry leader or a cartel?
- A. Monopoly
- B. Perfect competition
- C. Oligopoly
- D. Monopsony
正解：C
解説：
An oligopoly is a market structure where a few sellers dominate the market and many buyers ex-ist. In such a market, prices and output levels are often controlled by the leading firms or through collusion, such as forming a cartel. These firms hold significant market power, which allows them to influence prices and other market factors. Oligopolies are common in industries where high en-try barriers exist, such as telecommunications, airlines, and oil and gas. References:
*Perloff, J. M. (2016). Microeconomics: Theory and Applications with Calculus. Pearson.
*Mankiw, N. G. (2014). Principles of Microeconomics. Cengage Learning.
質問 # 60
Which of the following requires investment recovery action'
- A. Finished goods
- B. Raw materials
- C. Slow-moving materials
- D. Work-in-process
正解：C
解説：
Investment recovery focuses on recouping value from obsolete or excess inventory. Slow-moving materials often require such actions to minimize losses and free up resources. This practice is part of effective inventory management and resource optimization strategies.
質問 # 61
Which of the following is MOST likely to be an advantage of a standardization program?
- A. Consistent quality
- B. Creation of new supplier relationships
- C. Reliance on fewer suppliers
- D. Improved supplier flexibility
正解：A
解説：
Standardization ensures that products meet uniform quality standards, reducing variability and enhancing customer satisfaction. This advantage is vital in maintaining brand reputation and streamlining production processes.
質問 # 62
Based on the global reach and complexity of supply chains, resiliency planning and risk assessment are necessary because of which of the following'
- A. Uncollected receivables
- B. Natural and man-made disasters
- C. Lack of training within the organization
- D. Supplier bankruptcies in competitive markets
正解：B
解説：
Resiliency planning and risk assessment in global supply chains are critical due to the potential impact of natural and man-made disasters. These events can disrupt operations, affecting logistics, supply continuity, and financial performance. Effective risk management strategies mitigate such disruptions, ensuring supply chain stability.
質問 # 63
A product has the following characteristics:
COGS$1,000,000
Starting Inventory20,000
Ending Inventory10,000
What is the inventory turnover of this item'
- A. The product will turn 33.3 times.
- B. The product will tum 50 times.
- C. The product will tum 66.7 times.
- D. The product will turn 100 times.
正解：B
解説：
Inventory turnover is calculated as COGS divided by the average inventory. Using the provided values: COGS ($1,000,000) and average inventory ((20,000 + 10,000) / 2), the turnover ratio is 50. This metric is crucial for assessing inventory management efficiency, indicating how often inventory is sold and replaced over a period.
質問 # 64
Which of the following modes of transportation BEST promotes international trade and offers a low cost option fortransporting large quantities of product?
- A. O Rail
- B. Marine
- C. O Motor carriage
- D. O Pipeline
正解：A
解説：
The line count fill rate is calculated by dividing the number of lines fully filled by the total number of order lines. Here, two lines are fully filled (Item #XYZ-09 from both POs), and one line is partially filled (Item
#XYZ-06). The fill rate is therefore 23×100=66%\frac{2}{3} \times 100 = 66\%32×100=66%. References:
Inventory management metrics use line fill rates to evaluate order fulfillment efficiency.
質問 # 65
Material accumulated for a well-defined future need is called
- A. safety stock
- B. buffer stock
- C. anticipation inventory
- D. continuous inventory
正解：C
解説：
Anticipation inventory refers to stock that is accumulated in advance of expected demand increases, such as seasonal spikes or promotions. This type of inventory helps companies manage supply chain fluctuations and maintain smooth operations. Reference: Chopra, S., & Meindl, P. (2016). Supply Chain Management:
Strategy, Planning, and Operation.
質問 # 66
A manufacturer is working to standardize high-volume, low-cost hardware components used in its assembly process. The manufacturer wants to transfer some of the risks associated with inventory carrying costs, warehousing costs, and re-stocking costs to the supplier. Which of the following will be MOST useful in accomplishing this goal?
- A. Safety stock
- B. Vendor-managed inventory
- C. Kanban
- D. Reorder-point system
正解：B
解説：
Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) is an effective strategy for transferring risks related to inventory carrying costs, warehousing costs, and re-stocking costs to the supplier. In VMI, the supplier manages inventory levels, ensuring that stock is replenished as needed, which reduces the manufacturer's burden of inventory management and associated risks.
質問 # 67
A manufacturer must work to reduce cost of goods sold (COGS) to achieve profit objectives and remain competitive in a tight market. The manufacturer has long standing relationships with its main suppliers and a strong supply management department that conducts periodic reviews with the suppliers. Nevertheless, the manufacturer is not hitting targets. Which of the following is the BEST course of action for supply management to undertake in order to initiate improvements?
- A. Retender the contracts representing the main cost drivers in order to maximize COGS reduction
- B. Conduct a workshop with suppliers and internal stakeholders, focusing on sustainable improvements and goal alignment
- C. Continue to operate as usual, as manufacturing and operations must focus on labor cost reduction to best impact COGS
- D. Demand each supplier provide price concessions regardless of contract terms, as it is a tight market
正解：B
解説：
Workshops facilitate collaboration and innovation, addressing cost drivers comprehensively and fostering alignment on sustainability and cost reduction goals. Reference: Bowersox, D. J., Closs, D. J., & Cooper, M.B. (2013). Supply Chain Logistics Management.
質問 # 68
A company produces and distributes its products in the continental United States, mostly to customers located in metropolitan areas. The company conducts an ABC analysis to classify items, and determines that A and B items have variable demand, while C items have relatively stable demand. The logistics group wants to use this information to minimize transportation costs. Which of the following is the BEST combination of modes for the firm to use in order to minimize costs?
- A. Use motor carriage for A and B items, intermodal rail for C items, and air freight only as needed
- B. Use water service for A and B items, motor carriage for C items, and air freight only as needed
- C. Use air freight for A and B items, motor carriage for C items, and intermodal rail only as needed
- D. Use intermodal rail for A and B items, air freight for C items, and motor carriage only as needed
正解：A
解説：
To minimize transportation costs, the logistics group should use motor carriage for A and B items, intermodal rail for C items, and air freight only as needed. Motor carriage provides flexibility and is cost-effective for variable demand items (A and B items), especially when these items need timely deliveries in metropolitan areas. Intermodal rail is ideal for C items with stable demand as it is more cost-effective for transporting large volumes over long distances. Air freight, being the most expensive, should be reserved for urgent needs only.
This combination leverages the strengths of each transportation mode to optimize cost and efficiency.
References:
*Coyle, J. J., Langley, C. J., Novack, R. A., & Gibson, B. J. (2016). Supply Chain Manage-ment: A Logistics Perspective. Cengage Learning.
*Murphy, P. R., & Knemeyer, A. M. (2018). Contemporary Logistics. Pearson.
質問 # 69
PQR, Inc. produces office supplies for big box retailers. This is a highly competitive market and the requirement for maintaining a continuous inventory of product for retailers is a high priority for PQR.
Recently, the firm experienced shipping delays from overseas suppliers. Which of the costs associated with shortages would be MOST critical for PQR?
- A. Lost sales
- B. Production downtime
- C. Idle workers
- D. Expedited shipping
正解：A
解説：
In a highly competitive market like office supplies, the most critical cost associated with shortag-es is typically lost sales. If PQR, Inc. experiences shipping delays and cannot maintain continuous inventory, customers are likely to turn to competitors to meet their needs. This can result in im-mediate lost sales and potentially long-term loss of customer loyalty. The cost of lost sales often outweighs other costs like idle workers or production downtime because it directly affects revenue and market share. References:
*Chopra, S., & Meindl, P. (2015). Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Op-eration. Pearson.
*Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics & Supply Chain Management. Pearson UK.
質問 # 70
A company's average inventory value has remained relatively constant, while its cost of goods sold has increased. Which of the following will also likely show an increase for this firm?
- A. Turnover
- B. Variance
- C. Stock level
- D. Cycle time
正解：A
解説：
An increase in cost of goods sold while maintaining a constant average inventory value results in higher inventory turnover. This indicates improved efficiency in managing inventory relative to sales. References:
Inventory management metrics highlight turnover as a critical measure of how effectively inventory is being utilized.
質問 # 71
A firm needs to provide raw materials to accommodate a recent increase in manufacturing production. The supply manager uses the material forecast from the material requirements planning (MRP) software and the storage capacity from the warehouse management system (WMS) to forecast the firm's requirements. Which of the following will impact this forecast MOST significantly?
- A. The type of planning system used
- B. Validation of data by supply management
- C. The interface between the MRP software and the WMS
- D. Accounting for storage of works in progress
正解：C
解説：
The interface between the MRP software and the WMS is critical because it ensures real-time data exchange, affecting forecast accuracy. MRP systems calculate material needs based on production schedules, while WMS manages inventory levels and storage. Any issues in their interface could lead to data discrepancies, impacting the forecast significantly. Effective integration allows for synchronized operations and reduces errors in inventory management, ultimately improving supply chain efficiency.
質問 # 72
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