L4M6認定の有効な試験問題集解答学習ガイド！（最新の245問題)
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CIPS L4M6試験では、サプライヤーの選択、パフォーマンス管理、サプライヤー開発、契約管理、倫理的考慮事項など、サプライヤーの関係管理に関連するさまざまなトピックをカバーしています。この試験は、候補者がこれらのトピックの理解と、実際の調達シナリオでどのように適用できるかを実証できるように構成されています。
質問 # 135
Which of the following documents would you expect a supplier to submit as part of a Request for Proposal?
Select THREE
- A. Liquidity Ratio
- B. Risk Assessments
- C. Method Statements
- D. Gearing Ratio
- E. Full pricing information
正解：B、C、E
解説：
You would expect a supplier to submit full pricing information, risk assessments and method statements.
However, depending on what you're procuring, you might not need to see risk assessments or method statements. Liquidity and Gearing may be looked at during the Pre-Qualification stage, but wouldn't form part of a RFP. See p.76
質問 # 136
Kinky Boots Ltd provides high heeled shoes in large sizes. Their target market are Drag Queens. There are a couple of rival shoe manufacturers in this market and Kinky Boots Ltd offer the cheapest high heels. What strategy is Kinky Boots Ltd employing in terms of competitive advantage?
- A. cost leadership
- B. differentiation
- C. differentiation focus
- D. cost focus
正解：D
解説：
This is 'cost focus' - Kinky Boots is both focusing on being a cost leaser (by providing the cheapest products) and focusing on a niche market (drag queens). When these two strategies are combined it is called 'cost focus'. There's a couple of questions on Porter's Generic Strategies in the exam- there's a useful diagram of this on P.13
質問 # 137
Mandy is looking to source windows and doors for a new build apartment block. She has done some initial research and has discovered that there are many suppliers in the marketplace that can supply the items she needs. As it is a high-value project she is thinking of running a formal tender. What should be Mandy's first step?
- A. Run a restricted competition - send out a PQQ
- B. Run an open competition - send out an ITT
- C. Run an open competition - send out a RFQ
- D. Run a restricted competition- send out a RFI
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is 'run a restricted competition - send out a PQQ'. This Question: tests both your understanding of when to run open and restricted competitions (which is explained on p.75) and your understanding of tender documents. Mandy should run a restricted competition- there are a lot of options in the marketplace and this will allow her to pre-qualify those who best suit her requirements. Running an open competition when there are lots of suppliers would be too time-consuming- you need a way of making a short-list. When you run a restricted competition, the first stage is sending out a PQQ- pre-qualification questionnaire; this document is sent to suppliers asking for necessary information to support their qualification as an approved supplier.
質問 # 138
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) include items such as copywrite and trademarks. A buyer is considering entering into a partnership with their supplier to create a new product which will be released in two years' time. Should IPR be included into a contract between partners?
- A. No- a contract is not necessary if it is a partnership.
- B. Yes- IPR should always remain with the buyer- this will protect those rights
- C. Yes- IPR is a valid concern for both parties but will survive the termination of the agreement
- D. No- a separate legal agreement should be created to cover IPR
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is 'Yes- IPR is a valid concern for both parties but will survive the termination of the agreement' (p.112). See the section on 'Legal considerations' in chapter 2.4
質問 # 139
Red Manufacturing work with around 40 different suppliers. One of these suppliers is Blue Business. Red Manufacturing order regularly from Blue Business, and have never had any issues with their performance.
The materials Blue Business supply are of low value and there are several other suppliers of these materials in the market. What type of relationship should Red Manufacturing seek to have with Blue Manufacturing?
- A. partnership
- B. adversarial
- C. arms-length
- D. single-source
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is 'arms length'. This is a tactical purchase (as it is low value) and keeping the supplier at arms-length means that Red Manufacturing could possibly exploit them to reduce their prices (think back to the Kraljic matrix and where Blue Business would likely fall). A Partnership or Single- Source relationship requires investment into the relationship, and as the products are low value and Red Manufacturing have a lot of other suppliers, they should not be investing time in developing that relationship with Blue Business. An adversarial relationship wouldn't be advantageous as it may lower the performance of the supplier. See the relationship spectrum on p.5 - this is a hot topic for the exam
質問 # 140
In the 1990s, a manufacturer of portable music players partnered with a mini-disk producer. The aim of the partnership was to reduce the size and cost of the devices and enhance flexibility. Sales of the product after launch were low due to a competitive launch of small digital players, which offered better flexibility to customers at a comparable price. The partners suffered substantial loss and never recovered the investment. In order to mitigate the risk described, what should both partners have considered before investing in the product? Select the TWO that apply.
- A. New substitute technology
- B. Fast charging markers
- C. Legal implication of partnering
- D. Cost of investment
- E. Customer price expectation
正解：A、E
解説：
Understanding customer price expectations and the potential for substitute technology are critical in product development to anticipate market trends and competitive threats, aligning with risk management principles.
質問 # 141
Which of the following factors would you use to analyse the macro-environment? Select THREE.
- A. philosophical
- B. legislative
- C. political
- D. social
- E. cultural
正解：B、C、D
解説：
STEEPLE is what is used to analyse the macro-environment; the factors are; social, technological, economic, environmental, political, legislative and ethical. Details of this can be found on p.43-44
質問 # 142
Beyond Say is a manufacturer of diamond rings. It sources a lot of different parts to create its products including diamonds, gold, cardboard boxes for the rings to go in, as well as stationary and copier paper for the offices. Although it doesn't buy many diamonds, these represent a large part of Beyond Say's spend. Which category of spend would diamonds represent?
- A. Routine Spend
- B. Strategic Spend
- C. It isn't possible to tell
- D. Operational Spend
正解：B
解説：
This is category 'A' spend in the ABC model - they represent a large value and a small number of purchases / suppliers. See p.17 for more information on the ABC Analysis
質問 # 143
Which of the following are value-added benefits? Select THREE that apply.
- A. Storage of raw materials
- B. Customer service hotline
- C. Quality control team
- D. Free training for all staff
- E. Expert consulting services
- F. Paperwork between departments
正解：B、D、E
解説：
Value-added benefits are additional services offered by suppliers that enhance the buyer's operations without significant additional cost. These typically include:
* Free training (A) - improves buyer staff skills.
* Customer service hotlines (C) - improves responsiveness and support.
* Expert consulting services (D) - provides specialist knowledge.
Options B, E, and F are operational necessities, not "value-added extras."
質問 # 144
George is running a competition to find a supplier to install solar panels on the roof of his factory. The energy this produces will power some of the machines. Cost is an important factor, but there are also other considerations that are important such as how long the solar panels will last, and the maintenance costs if they ever break. What should George do?
- A. Run a separate tender for a company who can provide reactive maintenance to the solar panels
- B. Only invite suppliers he knows will be able to provide good quality products which won't break
- C. Use a weighted award criteria
- D. Evaluate the bids on price only as this is an important factor
正解：C
解説：
George should use a weighted award criteria - this will allow him to judge suppliers not only on cost, but also on the quality of their products and whether or not they can provide maintenance. For example George could weight the bids in this way; 40% cost, 30% durability of the panels and 30% maintenance costs. For more information on how weighted award criteria works see p.78
質問 # 145
What is a disadvantage of including qualitative KPIs into a contract?
- A. They make the buyer seem weak
- B. They pull focus from the more important quantitative KPIs
- C. They are hard to measure
- D. They can lead to poor supplier performance
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is 'They are hard to measure' p.103
質問 # 146
A large construction group has a critical contract with a brick supplier. This represents high-value spend, and the contract has a five-year duration. What type of commercial relationship would be the most appropriate?
- A. Closer Tactical
- B. Transactional
- C. Outsourcing
- D. Partnership
正解：D
解説：
Given the criticality and high value of the contract, a partnership is most suitable. This allows for long-term collaboration, mutual investment, and risk sharing to achieve strategic goals.
質問 # 147
Kinky Boots Ltd provides high heeled shoes in large sizes. Their target market are Drag Queens. There are a couple of rival shoe manufacturers in this market and Kinky Boots Ltd offer the cheapest high heels. What strategy is Kinky Boots Ltd employing in terms of competitive advantage?
- A. cost leadership
- B. differentiation
- C. differentiation focus
- D. cost focus
正解：D
解説：
This is 'cost focus' - Kinky Boots is both focusing on being a cost leaser (by providing the cheapest products) and focusing on a niche market (drag queens). When these two strategies are combined it is called 'cost focus'.
There's a couple of questions on Porter's Generic Strategies in the exam- there's a useful diagram of this on P.
13
質問 # 148
A vehicle company has a partnering relationship with the manufacturer of its engines. The manufacturer is considered a key partner and is already involved in product development at the vehicle company in several strategic projects. The car company and engine manufacturer have integrated systems for a just-in-time (JIT) delivery. Is this an example of a significant integration partnership?
- A. No, as there is a short-term focus on the relationship
- B. Yes, because it includes elements of joint product development
- C. Yes, as this is an example of a target costing approach
- D. No, it is an example of a less time-intensive partnership
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
The described relationship includes:
* Joint Product Development:Collaborative involvement in strategic projects indicates a deep partnership.
* Integrated Systems:JIT delivery systems require synchronized operations, reflecting significant integration.
These elements are hallmarks of a significant integration partnership.
Reference:
"Strategic Supply Chain Partnership"-ResearchGate: Strategic Supply Chain Partnership
質問 # 149
Pablo has run an open- competition to secure a new contract for a supplier of paper for his Birthday Card making company. He has received 10 submissions from various suppliers and needs to put a team together to evaluate the bids. What type of team should Pablo consider?
- A. A team of procurement experts
- B. A cross-functional team
- C. A team composed of internal stakeholders
- D. A team composed of internal and external stakeholders
正解：B
解説：
Pablo should use a 'cross-functional team'. CIPS love 'cross-functional teams' and refer to them frequently throughout the study guide. A cross-functional team is people from different departments who come together for a purpose, such as to evaluate a tender. The benefit of using a cross-functional team is that you get people with different experiences and knowledge. So in this example a Cross-Functional team could compose of people from various departments such as procurement, logistics, manufacturing and legal. P.76
質問 # 150
Red Manufacturing work with around 40 different suppliers. One of these suppliers is Blue Business. Red Manufacturing order regularly from Blue Business, and have never had any issues with their performance. The materials Blue Business supply are of low value and there are several other suppliers of these materials in the market. What type of relationship should Red Manufacturing seek to have with Blue Manufacturing?
- A. partnership
- B. adversarial
- C. arms-length
- D. single-source
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is 'arms length'. This is a tactical purchase (as it is low value) and keeping the supplier at arms-length means that Red Manufacturing could possibly exploit them to reduce their prices (think back to the Kraljic matrix and where Blue Business would likely fall). A Partnership or Single- Source relationship requires investment into the relationship, and as the products are low value and Red Manufacturing have a lot of other suppliers, they should not be investing time in developing that relationship with Blue Business. An adversarial relationship wouldn't be advantageous as it may lower the performance of the supplier. See the relationship spectrum on p.5 - this is a hot topic for the exam
質問 # 151
Which stage of team development is usual at the outset of working with stakeholders?
- A. Storming
- B. Forming
- C. Norming
- D. Performing
正解：B
解説：
In Tuckman's model of team development, the Forming stage occurs at the outset. Team members meet, roles are unclear, and there is little conflict. Stakeholder teams will be in this stage initially before moving into storming (conflict), norming (agreement), and performing (high productivity).
質問 # 152
A buyer is procuring a high-value specialist piece of medical equipment to use in the healthcare sector from a market that consists of minimal competition. The buyer has decided to use an open tender procedure to purchase the equipment. Is this an appropriate method to use?
- A. Yes, a shortlisting process is not required as there are few suppliers
- B. Yes, as complex procurement must always use this type of tender process
- C. No, a tendering process is not required as there are few suppliers
- D. No, an emergency tender process is required due to the critical nature of the equipment
正解：C
解説：
If the market has few suppliers, an open tender is not appropriate, as it adds unnecessary time and cost.
Instead, a restricted or negotiated procedure is more effective. Open tendering is best used in highly competitive markets.
質問 # 153
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