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PDF問題（2024年最新）実際のLpi 305-300試験問題 [Q29-Q48]

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PDF問題（2024年最新）実際のLpi 305-300試験問題

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LPIC-3試験305：仮想化とコンテナ化認定試験では、KVM、Docker、LXC/LXDなどの仮想化およびコンテナ化技術に関する候補者の知識とスキルをテストします。この試験では、Linuxシステム上の仮想化およびコンテナ化ソリューションのインストール、構成、および管理もカバーしています。この試験は、60の複数選択と空白の質問で構成されており、候補者は試験に合格するために800のうち少なくとも500を獲得する必要があります。


LPI 305-300（LPIC-3試験305：仮想化とコンテナ化）試験は、仮想化およびコンテナ化技術のIT専門家の専門知識をテストする認定試験です。これは、仮想化とコンテナ化テクノロジーを専門的な環境で展開、管理、およびトラブルシューティングするために必要な知識とスキルを評価するように設計されています。この試験は、Linux Administrationの強固な基盤をすでに取得しており、仮想化とコンテナ化に特化しているIT専門家向けを目的としています。

 

質問 # 29
Which of the following devices exist by default in an LXC container? (Choose three.)

  • A. /dev/console
  • B. /dev/log
  • C. /dev/root
  • D. /dev/urandom
  • E. /dev/kmem

正解：A、B、D


質問 # 30
Which of the following statements are true regarding a Pod in Kubernetes? (Choose two.)

  • A. systemd is used to manage individual Pods on the Kubernetes nodes.
  • B. All containers of a Pod run on the same node.
  • C. When a Pod fails, Kubernetes restarts the Pod on another node by default.
  • D. A Pod is the smallest unit of workload Kubernetes can run.
  • E. Pods are always created automatically and cannot be explicitly configured.

正解：B、D

解説：
Explanation
A Pod in Kubernetes is a collection of one or more containers that share the same network and storage resources, and a specification for how to run the containers. A Pod is the smallest unit of workload Kubernetes can run, meaning that it cannot be divided into smaller units. Therefore, option C is correct. All containers of a Pod run on the same node, which is the smallest unit of computing hardware in Kubernetes. A node is a physical or virtual machine that hosts one or more Pods. Therefore, option A is also correct. Pods are not always created automatically and cannot be explicitly configured. Pods can be created manually using YAML or JSON files, or using commands like kubectl run or kubectl create. Pods can also be created automatically by higher-level controllers, such as Deployment, ReplicaSet, or StatefulSet. Therefore, option B is incorrect.
When a Pod fails, Kubernetes does not restart the Pod on another node by default. Pods are ephemeral by nature, meaning that they can be terminated or deleted at any time. If a Pod is managed by a controller, the controller will create a new Pod to replace the failed one, but it may not be on the same node. Therefore, option D is incorrect. systemd is not used to manage individual Pods on the Kubernetes nodes. systemd is a system and service manager for Linux operating systems that can start and stop services, such as docker or kubelet. However, systemd does not interact with Podsdirectly. Pods are managed by the kubelet service, which is an agent that runs on each node and communicates with the Kubernetes control plane. Therefore, option E is incorrect. References:
* Pods | Kubernetes
* What is a Kubernetes pod? - Red Hat
* What's the difference between a pod, a cluster, and a container?
* What are Kubernetes Pods? | VMware Glossary
* Kubernetes Node Vs. Pod Vs.Cluster: Key Differences - CloudZero


質問 # 31
Which CPU flag indicates the hardware virtualization capability on an AMD CPU?

  • A. VMX
  • B. SVM
  • C. PVM
  • D. HVM
  • E. VIRT

正解：B

解説：
Explanation
The CPU flag that indicates the hardware virtualization capability on an AMD CPU is SVM. SVM stands for Secure Virtual Machine, and it is a feature of AMD processors that enables the CPU to run virtual machines with hardware assistance. SVM is also known as AMD-V, which is AMD's brand name for its virtualization technology. SVM allows the CPU to support a hypervisor, which is a software layer that creates and manages virtual machines. A hypervisor can run multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine, each with its own operating system and applications. SVM improves the performance and security of virtual machines by allowing the CPU to directly execute privileged instructions and handle memory access, instead of relying on software emulation or binary translation. SVM also provides nested virtualization, which is the ability to run avirtual machine inside another virtual machine. To use SVM, the CPU must support it and the BIOS must enable it. The user can check if the CPU supports SVM by looking for the svm flag in the /proc/cpuinfo file or by using the lscpu command. The user can also use the virt-host-validate command to verify if the CPU and the BIOS are properly configured for hardware virtualization123. References:
* How to check if CPU supports hardware virtualization (VT technology)1
* Processor support - KVM3
* How to Enable Virtualization in BIOS for Intel and AMD4


質問 # 32
Which directory is used bycloud-initto store status information and configuration information retrieved from external sources?

  • A. /proc/sys/cloud/
  • B. /opt/cloud/var/
  • C. /var/lib/cloud/
  • D. /etc/cloud-init/cache/
  • E. /tmp/.cloud/

正解：C


質問 # 33
Which statement is true regarding the Linux kernel module that must be loaded in order to use QEMU with hardware virtualization extensions?

  • A. It must be loaded into the kernel of the host system only if the console of a virtual machine will be connected to a physical console of the host system
  • B. It must be loaded into the Kernel of the host system in order to use the visualization extensions of the host system's CPU
  • C. It must be loaded into the kernel of each virtual machine to provide Para virtualization which is required by QEMU.
  • D. It must be loaded into the kernel of the first virtual machine as it interacts with the QEMU bare metal hypervisor and is required to trigger the start of additional virtual machines
  • E. It must be loaded into the kernel of each virtual machine that will access files and directories from the host system's file system.

正解：B

解説：
Explanation
The Linux kernel module that must be loaded in order to use QEMU with hardware virtualization extensions is KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine). KVM is a full virtualization solution that allows a user space program (such as QEMU) to utilize the hardware virtualization features of various processors (such as Intel VT or AMD-V). KVM consists of a loadable kernel module, kvm.ko, that provides the core virtualization infrastructure and a processor specific module, kvm-intel.ko or kvm-amd.ko. KVM must be loaded into the kernel of the host system in order to use the virtualization extensions of the host system's CPU. This enables QEMU to run multiple virtual machines with unmodified Linux or Windows images, each with private virtualized hardware. KVM is integrated with QEMU, so there is no need to load it into the kernel of each virtual machine or the first virtual machine. KVM also does not require paravirtualization, which is a technique that modifies the guest operating system to communicate directly with the hypervisor, bypassing the emulation layer. References:
* Features/KVM - QEMU
* Kernel-based Virtual Machine
* KVM virtualization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 (2023)


質問 # 34
Which of the following commands boots a QEMU virtual machine using hardware virtualization extensions?

  • A. qemu-hw -create -drive file=debian.img -cdrom debian.iso -m 1024 -boot d
  • B. vm -kvm -drive file=debian.img -cdrom debian.iso -m 1024 -boot d
  • C. qemu -accel kvm -drive file-debian.img -cdrom debian.iso -m 1024 -boot d
  • D. qvirt -create -drive file=debian.img -cdrom debian.iso -m 1024 -boot d -driver hvm
  • E. qvm start -vmx -drive file=debian.img -cdrom debian.iso -m 1024 -boot d

正解：C


質問 # 35
Which of the following services can QEMU provide in a user network? (Choose three.)

  • A. TFTP
  • B. BGP
  • C. DHCP
  • D. AppleTalk
  • E. CIFS

正解：A、C

解説：
Explanation
QEMU can provide some network services in a user network, which is a mode of networking that does not require any administrator privilege to run. The user network uses the SLIRP TCP/IP emulator to create a virtual NAT'ted subnet, with a DHCP server started by QEMU that gives out IP addresses to the guest machines and puts the host on 10.0.2.21. QEMU can also provide a TFTP server in the user network, which can be used to boot the guest machines from a network image. The TFTP server can be configured with the
-tftp option2. QEMU does not provide BGP, CIFS, or AppleTalk services in the user network. BGP is a routing protocol that is used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems on the Internet3. CIFS is a file-sharing protocol that is used to access files and printers on a network4. AppleTalk is a deprecated network protocol suite that was used by Apple devices5. These services require more advanced networking features than the user network can offer, such as bridging, routing, or tunneling.
References:
* Documentation/Networking - QEMU
* QEMU/Networking - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
* Border Gateway Protocol - Wikipedia
* Common Internet File System - Wikipedia
* AppleTalk - Wikipedia


質問 # 36
Which of the following values are valid in thefirmwareattribute of a<os>element in a libvirt domain definition?(Choose two.)

  • A. virtio
  • B. pcie
  • C. scsi
  • D. bios
  • E. efi

正解：D、E

解説：
Explanation
The firmware attribute of the <os> element in a libvirt domain definition specifies the type of firmware used to boot the virtual machine. The valid values for this attribute are efi and bios, which correspond to the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) and the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) respectively. EFI is a newer standard that supports more features and security than BIOS, such as Secure Boot and faster boot times. BIOS is an older standard that is widely compatible and supported by most hypervisors and operating systems. The other values, scsi, virtio, and pcie, are not related to firmware, but to different types of devices or drivers that can be used in a virtual machine. References: 1 (search for firmware enum)


質問 # 37
What is the purpose ofcloud-init?

  • A. Assign an laaSinstance to a specific computingnode within a cloud.
  • B. Standardize the configuration of infrastructure services, such as load balancers or virtual firewalls in a cloud.
  • C. Prepare the generic image of an laaS instance to fit a specific instance's configuration.
  • D. Replace commonLinux inic systems, such as systemd or SysV init.
  • E. Orchestrate the creation and start of multiple related laaS instances.

正解：C


質問 # 38
FILL BLANK
What is the default path to the Docker daemon configuration file on Linux? (Specify the full name of the file,Including path.)

正解：

解説：
/etc/docker/daemon.json


質問 # 39
After creating a new Docker network using the following command:
docker network create --driver bridge isolated_nw
which parameter must be added todocker createin order to attach a container to the network?

  • A. --network=isolated_nw
  • B. --eth0=isolated_nw
  • C. --attach=isolated_nw
  • D. --ethernet=isolated_nw
  • E. --alias=isolated_nw

正解：A


質問 # 40
FILL BLANK
Which subcommand ofvirshopens the XML configuration of a virtual network in an editor in order to make changes to that configuration? (Specify ONLY the subcommand without any parameters.)

正解：

解説：
net-edit


質問 # 41
FILL BLANK
What LXC command lists containers sorted by their CPU, block I/O or memory consumption? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

正解：

解説：
lxc-top


質問 # 42
Which of the following kinds of data cancloud-initprocess directly from user-data? (Choose three.)

  • A. Lists of URLs to import
  • B. cloud-config declarations in YAML
  • C. Shell scripts to execute
  • D. ISO images to boot from
  • E. Base64-encoded binary files to execute

正解：A、B、C

解説：
Explanation
Cloud-init is a tool that allows users to customize the configuration and behavior of cloud instances during the boot process. Cloud-init can process different kinds of data that are passed to the instance via user-data, which is a mechanism provided by various cloud providers to inject data into the instance. Among the kinds of data that cloud-init can process directly from user-data are:
* Shell scripts to execute: Cloud-init can execute user-data that is formatted as a shell script, starting with the #!/bin/sh or #!/bin/bash shebang. The script can contain any commands that are valid in the shell environment of the instance. The script is executed as the root user during the boot process12.
* Lists of URLs to import: Cloud-init can import user-data that is formatted as a list of URLs, separated by newlines. The URLs can point to any valid data source that cloud-init supports, such as shell scripts, cloud-config files, or include files. The URLs are fetched and processed by cloud-init in the order they appear in the list13.
* cloud-config declarations in YAML: Cloud-init can process user-data that is formatted as a cloud-config file, which is a YAML document that contains declarations for various cloud-init modules. The cloud-config file can specify various aspects of the instance configuration, such as hostname, users, packages, commands, services, and more. The cloud-config file must start with the #cloud-config header14.
The other kinds of data listed in the question are not directly processed by cloud-init from user-data. They are either not supported, not recommended, or require additional steps to be processed. These kinds of data are:
* ISO images to boot from: Cloud-init does not support booting from ISO images that are passed as user-data. ISO images are typically used to install an operating system on a physical or virtual machine, not to customize an existing cloud instance. To boot from an ISO image, the user would need to attach it as a secondary disk to the instance and configure the boot order accordingly5.
* Base64-encoded binary files to execute: Cloud-init does not recommend passing binary files as user-data, as they may not be compatible with the instance's architecture or operating system.
Base64-encoding does not change this fact, as it only converts the binary data into ASCII characters. To execute a binary file, the user would need to decode it and make it executable on the instance6.
References:
* User-Data Formats - cloud-init 22.1 documentation
* User-Data Scripts
* Include File
* Cloud Config
* How to Boot From ISO Image File Directly in Windows
* How to run a binary file as a command in the terminal?.


質問 # 43
Which of the following statements are true regarding a Pod in Kubernetes? (Choose two.)

  • A. systemd is used to manage individual Pods on the Kubernetes nodes.
  • B. All containers of a Pod run on the same node.
  • C. When a Pod fails, Kubernetes restarts the Pod on another node by default.
  • D. A Pod is the smallest unit of workload Kubernetes can run.
  • E. Pods are always created automatically and cannot be explicitly configured.

正解：B、D


質問 # 44
Which command within virsh lists the virtual machines that are running on the current host?

  • A. list-vm
  • B. I view
  • C. list
  • D. list-all
  • E. show

正解：C


質問 # 45
A clone of a previously used virtual machine should be created. All VM specific information, such as user accounts, shell histories and SSH host keys should be removed from the cloned disk image. Which of the following tools can perform these tasks?

  • A. sysprep
  • B. vire-wipe
  • C. virt-svspre
  • D. virt-rescue
  • E. virt-sparsi
  • F. virc-reset

正解：A

解説：
Explanation
Sysprep is a tool that removes all your personal account and security information, and then prepares the machine to be used as an image. It is supported by Windows and some Linux distributions. It can also remove drivers and other machine-specific settings. Sysprep is required when creating a managed image outside of a gallery in Azure
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/generalize


質問 # 46
What is the purpose ofcloud-init?

  • A. Assign an laaS instance to a specific computing node within a cloud.
  • B. Standardize the configuration of infrastructure services, such as load balancers or virtual firewalls in a cloud.
  • C. Prepare the generic image of an laaS instance to fit a specific instance's configuration.
  • D. Replace common Linux inic systems, such as systemd or SysV init.
  • E. Orchestrate the creation and start of multiple related laaS instances.

正解：C

解説：
Explanation
Cloud-init is a tool that processes configurations and runs through five stages during the initial boot of Linux VMs in a cloud. It allows users to customize a Linux VM as it boots for the first time, by applying user data to the instance. User data can include scripts, commands, packages, files, users, groups, SSH keys, and more.
Cloud-init can also interact with various cloud platforms and services, such as Azure, AWS, OpenStack, and others. The purpose of cloud-init is to prepare the generic image of an laaS instance to fit a specific instance's configuration, such as hostname, network, security, and application settings. References:
* Cloud-init - The standard for customising cloud instances
* Understanding cloud-init - Azure Virtual Machines
* Tutorial - Customize a Linux VM with cloud-init in Azure - Azure Virtual Machines


質問 # 47
What happens when the following command is executed twice in succession?
docker run -tid -v data:/data debian bash

  • A. The original content of the container image data is available in both containers, although changes stay local within each container.
  • B. Each container is equipped with its own independent data volume, available at /data/ in the respective container.
  • C. Both containers share the contents of the data volume, have full permissions to alter its content and mutually see their respective changes.
  • D. The second command invocation fails with an error stating that the volume data is already associated with a running container.
  • E. The container resulting from the second invocation can only read the content of /data/ and cannot change it.

正解：C


質問 # 48
......

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