合格保証付きクイズ2025年最新の実際に出る検証済みのISA-IEC-62443無料試験問題集
無料ISA Cybersecurity ISA-IEC-62443究極な学習ガイド（更新されたのは90問があります)
質問 # 28
Which statement is TRUE regarding Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Modern IDS recognize IACS devices by default.
- B. They require a small amount of care and feeding
- C. They are very inexpensive to design and deploy.
- D. They are effective against known vulnerabilities.
正解：D
解説：
Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are tools that monitor network traffic and detect suspicious or malicious activity based on predefined rules or signatures. They are effective against known vulnerabilities, as they can alert the system administrators or security personnel when they encounter a match with a known attack pattern or behavior. However, IDS have some limitations and challenges, especially when applied to industrial automation and control systems (IACS). Some of these are:
* Modern IDS do not recognize IACS devices by default, as they are designed for general-purpose IT networks and protocols. Therefore, they may generate false positives or negatives when dealing with IACS-specific devices, protocols, or traffic patterns. To overcome this, IDS need to be customized or adapted to the IACS environment and context, which may require additional expertise and resources.
* They are not very inexpensive to design and deploy, as they require careful planning, configuration, testing, and maintenance. They also need to be integrated with other security tools and processes, such as firewalls, antivirus, patch management, incident response, etc. Moreover, they may introduce additional costs and risks, such as network performance degradation, data privacy issues, or legal liabilities.
* They are not effective against unknown or zero-day vulnerabilities, as they rely on predefined rules or signatures that may not cover all possible attack scenarios or techniques. Therefore, they may fail to detect novel or sophisticated attacks that exploit new or undiscovered vulnerabilities. To mitigate this, IDS need to be complemented with other security measures, such as anomaly detection, threat intelligence, or machine learning.
* They require a significant amount of care and feeding, as they need to be constantly updated, tuned, and monitored. They also generate a large amount of data and alerts, which may overwhelm the system administrators or security personnel. Therefore, they need to be supported by adequate tools and processes, such as data analysis, alert filtering, prioritization, correlation, or visualization.
References: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010 - Establishing an industrial automation and control system security program, ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - System security requirements and security levels, ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Training Course, [Enhancing Modbus/TCP-Based Industrial Automation and Control Systems Security Using Intrusion Detection Systems]
質問 # 29
Which is a role of the application layer?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Includes protocols specific to network applications such as email, file transfer, and reading data registers in a PLC
- B. Provides the mechanism for opening, closing, and managing a session between end-user application processes
- C. Delivers and formats information, possibly with encryption and security
- D. Includes user applications specific to network applications such as email, file transfer, and reading data registers in a PLC
正解：A、C
解説：
The application layer is the topmost layer of the OSI model, which provides the interface between the user and the network. It includes protocols specific to network applications such as email, file transfer, and reading data registers in a PLC. These protocols deliver and format information, possibly with encryption and security, to ensure reliable and meaningful communication between different applications. The application layer does not include user applications, which are separate from the network protocols. The application layer also does not provide the mechanism for opening, closing, and managing a session between end-user application processes, which is the function of the session layer. References:
* ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Study Guide, page 181
* Using the ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Control System, page 82 The application layer in network protocols, such as in the OSI model or the TCP/IP protocol suite, is primarily responsible for providing services directly to user applications. This layer is involved in:
* Option A: Including protocols specific to network applications such as email, file transfer, and industrial protocols like reading data registers in a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). This is a core function of the application layer as it facilitates specific high-level networking capabilities.
* Option D: Delivering and formatting information, which can include encryption and ensuring the security of data as it is transmitted across the network. This includes protocols like HTTP for web browsing which can encrypt data via HTTPS, SMTP for secure email transmission, and FTP for secure file transfer.
質問 # 30
Which is the BEST deployment system for malicious code protection?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Application whitelistinq (AWL) OD.
- B. IACS protocol converters
- C. Network segmentation
- D. Zones and conduits
正解：A
解説：
Application whitelisting (AWL) is a technique that allows only authorized applications to run on a system, and blocks any unauthorized or malicious code from executing. AWL is one of the most effective methods for preventing malware infections and reducing the attack surface of a system. AWL can be implemented at different levels, such as the operating system, the network, or the application itself. AWL is especially useful forindustrial automation and control systems (IACS), which often run on legacy or proprietary platforms that are not compatible with traditional antivirus software or other security solutions. AWL can also help protect IACS from zero-day attacks, which exploit unknown vulnerabilities that have not been patched or detected by security vendors. AWL is recommended by the ISA/IEC 62443 standards as a key component of malicious code protection for IACS. According to the standards, AWL should be applied to all IACS components that support it, and should be configured and maintained according to the security policies and procedures of the organization. AWL should also be complemented by other security measures, such as network segmentation, zones and conduits, and patch management, to provide a defense-in-depth approach to IACS security. References:
* ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013, System security requirements and security levels, Section 5.2.3.41
* ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010, Establishing an industrial automation and control systems security program, Section 4.3.3.6.42
* ISA/IEC 62443-4-2:2019, Technical security requirements for IACS components, Section 4.2.3.43
* ISA/IEC 62443-3-2:2020, Security risk assessment for system design, Section 7.3.3.44
* ISA/IEC 62443-4-1:2018, Product development requirements, Section 5.2.3.45
質問 # 31
Which is a common pitfall when initiating a CSMS program?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Organizational lack of communication
- B. Insufficient documentation due to lack of good follow-up
- C. Failure to relate to the mission of the organization
- D. Immediate jump into detailed risk assessment
正解：C
質問 # 32
What is OPC?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. An open standard serial communications protocol widely used in industrial manufacturing environments
- B. An open standard protocol for the communication of real-time data between devices from different manufacturers
- C. A vendor-specific proprietary protocol for the communication of real-time plant data between control devices
- D. An open standard protocol for real-time field bus communication between automation technology devices
正解：B
解説：
OPC stands for Open Platform Communications, and it is a series of standards and specifications for industrial telecommunication based on Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for process control. It allows the communication of real-time data between devices from different manufacturers using various data transportation technologies, such as Microsoft's OLE, COM, DCOM, .NET, XML, and TCP123. OPC is not a protocolitself, but rather a standardized approach for data connectivity supported by the OPC Foundation3. OPC is widely used in industrial automation and control systems, as well as other industries, to achieve interoperability and integration between different applications and devices3.
A is incorrect, because OPC is not a field bus protocol, but rather a standard for data exchange between devices that may use different field bus protocols, such as Modbus, Profibus, or Ethernet/IP2. C is incorrect, because OPC is not a serial communications protocol, but rather a standard that can use various data transportation technologies, including serial, Ethernet, or wireless2. D is incorrect, because OPC is not a vendor-specific proprietary protocol, but rather an open standard that can be implemented by any vendor or device that supports the OPC specifications3. References: 1: Open Platform Communications - Wikipedia 2: What is OPC Protocol - The Automization 3: What is OPC? - OPC Foundation
質問 # 33
Security Levels (SLs) are broken down into which three types?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Target.capacity, and achieved
- B. SL-1, SL-2, and SL-3
- C. Target.capability, and achieved
- D. Target.capability, and availability
正解：C
解説：
Security Levels (SLs) are a way of expressing the security performance of an industrial automation and control system (IACS) or its components. SLs are broken down into three types: target, capability, and achieved1.
* Target SL is the level of security performance that is required for a system or component to protect against a specific threat scenario. The target SL is determined by conducting a risk assessment that considers the likelihood and impact of potential security incidents1.
* Capability SL is the level of security performance that a system or component can provide based on its design and implementation. The capability SL is determined by evaluating the security functions and features of the system or component against a set of security requirements1.
* Achieved SL is the level of security performance that a system or component actually provides in its operational environment. The achieved SL is determined by verifying that the system or component is properly installed, configured, maintained, and monitored1.
References: ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, page 3-4.
質問 # 34
Security Levels (SLs) are broken down into which three types?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Target.capacity, and achieved
- B. SL-1, SL-2, and SL-3
- C. Target.capability, and achieved
- D. Target.capability, and availability
正解：C
質問 # 35
Which organization manages the ISASecure conformance certification program?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Security Compliance Institute
- B. National Institute of Standards and Technology
- C. American Society for Industrial Security
- D. Automation Federation
正解：A
質問 # 36
Which of the following is an element of security policy, organization, and awareness?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Staff training and security awareness
- B. Technical requirement assessment
- C. Penetration testing
- D. Product development requirements
正解：B
質問 # 37
Which is the PRIMARY objective when defining a security zone?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. All assets in the zone must share the same security requirements.
- B. All assets in the zone must be physically located in the same area.
- C. All assets in the zone must be from the same vendor.
- D. All assets in the zone must be at the same level in the Purdue model.
正解：A
解説：
According to the ISA/IEC 62443-3-2 standard, a security zone is a grouping of systems and components based on their functional, logical, and physical relationship that share common security requirements. The primary objective of defining a security zone is to apply a consistent level of protection to the assets within the zone, based on their criticality and risk assessment. A security zone may contain assets from different vendors, different levels in the Purdue model, or different physical locations, as long as they have the same security requirements. A security zone may also be subdivided into subzones, if there are different security requirements within the zone. A conduit is a logical or physical grouping of communication channels connecting two or more zones that share common security requirements.
References:
* ISA/IEC 62443-3-2:2020, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 3-2: Security risk assessment for system design, Clause 4.3.21
* ISA/IEC 62443-1-1:2009, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 1-1:
Terminology, concepts and models, Clause 3.2.42
質問 # 38
Which of the following is a trend that has caused a significant percentage of security vulnerabilities?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. IACS using equipment designed for measurement and control
- B. IACS becoming integrated with business and enterprise systems
- C. IACS developing into a network of air-gapped systems
- D. IACS evolving into a number of closed proprietary systems
正解：B
質問 # 39
Who must be included in a training and security awareness program?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. All personnel
- B. Employees
- C. Temporary staff
- D. Vendors and suppliers
正解：A
解説：
Modbus over Ethernet, also known as Modbus/TCP, is a protocol that encapsulates the Modbus/RTU data string inside the data section of the TCP frame. It then sets up a client/server exchange between nodes, using TCP/IP addressing to establish connections1. This makes it easy to manage in a firewall, because the firewall can filter the traffic based on the source and destination IP addresses and the TCP port number. The default TCP port for Modbus/TCP is 502, but it can be changed if needed. Modbus/TCP does not use any other ports or protocols, so the firewall rules can be simple and specific. References:
* 8: Open Modbus/TCP Specification, RTA Automation, 2010.
* [9]: Modbus Application Protocol Specification V1.1b3, Modbus Organization, 2012.
質問 # 40
Which is a commonly used protocol for managing secure data transmission on the Internet?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Secure Telnet
- B. Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
- C. Secure Sockets Layer
- D. Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption
正解：B、C
解説：
Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) are both commonly used protocols for managing secure data transmission on the Internet. DTLS is a variant of SSL that is designed to work over datagram protocols such as UDP, which are used for real-time applications such as voice and video.
SSL is a protocol that provides encryption, authentication, and integrity for data transmitted over TCP, which is used for reliable and ordered delivery of data. Both DTLS and SSL use certificates and asymmetric cryptography to establish a secure session between the communicating parties, and then use symmetric cryptography to encrypt the data exchanged. DTLS and SSL are widely used in web browsers, email clients, VPNs, and other applications that require secure communication over the Internet. References:
* ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, Module 3: Introduction to Cryptography, pages 3-5 to 3-7
* Using the ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Control System, Chapter 6: Securing Communications, pages 125-126
質問 # 41
Which is one of the PRIMARY goals of providing a framework addressing secure product development life-cycle requirements?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Aligned development process
- B. Defense-in-depth approach to designing
- C. Well-documented security policies and procedures
- D. Aligned needs of industrial users
正解：C
解説：
One of the primary goals of providing a framework that addresses secure product development lifecycle requirements is to ensure that security policies and procedures are well-documented. This objective is crucial because it establishes a structured and standardized approach to security that is integrated throughout the development process of software or systems. This framework helps in aligning the development process with security best practices, thereby mitigating risks associated with security vulnerabilities. Documentation of security policies and procedures ensures that security considerations are consistently applied and that compliance with relevant standards, such as ISA/IEC 62443, is maintained. This foundational approach supports the overall security posture by embedding security considerations directly into the lifecycle of product development, rather than addressing security as an afterthought.
質問 # 42
What are the two sublayers of Layer 2?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. LLC and MAC
- B. VLAN and VPN
- C. OPC and DCOM
- D. HIDS and NIDS
正解：A
解説：
Layer 2 of the OSI model is the data link layer, which is responsible for transferring data frames between nodes on a network segment. The data link layer is divided into two sublayers: logical link control (LLC) and media access control (MAC). The LLC sublayer deals with issues common to both dedicated and broadcast links, such as framing, flow control, and error control. The MAC sublayer deals with issues specific to broadcast links, such as how to access the shared medium and avoid collisions. The LLC and MAC sublayers are not related to the ISA/IEC 62443 cybersecurity standards, which focus on the security of industrial automation and control systems (IACS). References:https://www.baeldung.com/cs/data-link-sub-layers
https://bing.com/search?q=Layer+2+sublayers
質問 # 43
Which of the following is an activity that should trigger a review of the CSMS?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. New technical controls
- B. Organizational restructuring
- C. Security incident exposing previously unknown risk.
- D. Budgeting
正解：A、B、C
解説：
According to the ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 standard, a review of the CSMS should be triggered by any changes that affect the cybersecurity risk of the industrial automation and control system (IACS), such as new technical controls, organizational restructuring, or security incidents1. Budgeting is not a trigger for CSMS review, unless it impacts the cybersecurity risk level or the CSMS itself2. References: 1: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010, Section 4.3.3.3 2: A Practical Approach to Adopting the IEC 62443 Standards, ISAGCA Blog3
質問 # 44
Which is the PRIMARY responsibility of the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
model?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Gives transparent transfer of data between end users
- B. Provides the rules for framing, converting electrical signals to data
- C. Forwards packets, including routing through intermediate routers
- D. Handles the physics of getting a message from one device to another
正解：C
質問 # 45
Whose responsibility is it to determine the level of risk an organization is willing to tolerate?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Safety Department
- B. Operations Department
- C. Management
- D. Legal Department
正解：C
質問 # 46
Which of the following refers to internal rules that govern how an organization protects critical system resources?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Security policy
D- Code of conduct - B. Legislation
- C. Formal guidance
正解：A
解説：
A security policy refers to internal rules that govern how an organization protects critical system resources, such as industrial control systems (ICS). A security policy defines the objectives, scope, roles, responsibilities, and requirements for securing the ICS environment, as well as the procedures and guidelines for implementing, monitoring, and enforcing the security measures. A security policy also establishes the baseline for assessing and managing the security risks to the ICS, and for ensuring compliance with relevant standards, regulations, and best practices. A security policy is a key component of the ICS security program, and it should be documented, communicated, and reviewed regularly.
The other choices are not correct because:
* A. Formal guidance. Formal guidance refers to external sources of information and recommendations that can help an organization improve its ICS security posture, such as standards, frameworks, guidelines, and best practices. Formal guidance is not an internal rule, but rather a reference that can be used to develop, implement, and evaluate the security policy and controls. For example, the ISA/IEC
62443 series of standards provide formal guidance on how to secure ICS from cyber threats1.
* B. Legislation. Legislation refers to external laws and regulations that impose legal obligations and penalties on an organization for its ICS security performance, such as the NERC CIP standards for the electric sector2, or the EU NIS Directive for critical infrastructure operators3. Legislation is not an internal rule, but rather a compliance requirement that must be met by the organization. Legislation may also influence the security policy and controls, as the organization needs to align its security objectives and practices with the legal expectations and consequences.
* D. Code of conduct. A code of conduct refers to a set of ethical principles and values that guide the
* behavior and decision-making of an organization and its employees, such as honesty, integrity, respect, and accountability. A code of conduct is not an internal rule for protecting critical system resources, but rather a general norm for conducting business and maintaining a positive reputation. A code of conduct may also support the security policy and culture, as it can foster a sense of responsibility and trust among the ICS stakeholders.
References:
* 1: ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System
* 2: NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection Standards
* 3: EU Network and Information Systems Directive
質問 # 47
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