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質問 # 14
Which layer in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model would include the use of the File Transfer
Protocol (FTP)?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Data link layer
- B. Application layer
- C. Session layer
- D. Transport layer
正解：B
質問 # 15
Which of the following is a recommended default rule for IACS firewalls?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Allow all traffic by default.
- B. Block all traffic by default.
- C. Allow traffic directly from the IACS network to the enterprise network.
- D. Allow IACS devices to access the Internet.
正解：B
質問 # 16
Within the National Institute of Standards and Technoloqv Cybersecuritv Framework v1.0 (NIST CSF), what is the status of the ISA 62443 standards?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. They are used as informative references.
- B. They are used as normative references.
- C. They are not used.
- D. They are under consideration for future use.
正解：A
解説：
The NIST CSF is a voluntary framework that provides a set of standards, guidelines, and best practices to help organizations manage cybersecurity risks. The NIST CSF consists of five core functions: Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, and Recover. Each function is further divided into categories and subcategories that describe specific outcomes and activities. The NIST CSF also provides informative references that link the subcategories to existing standards, guidelines, and practices that can help organizations achieve the desired outcomes. The informative references are not mandatory or exhaustive, but rather serve as examples of possible sources of guidance. The ISA 62443 standards are used as informative references in the NIST CSF v1.0 for several subcategories, especially in the Protect and Detect functions. The ISA 62443 standards are a series of standards that provide a framework for securing industrial automation and control systems (IACS).
The ISA 62443 standards cover various aspects of IACS security, such as terminology, concepts, requirements, policies, procedures, and technical specifications. The ISA 62443 standards are aligned with the NIST CSF in terms of the core functions and the risk-based approach. Therefore, the ISA 62443 standards can provide useful guidance and best practices for organizations that use IACS and want to implement the NIST CSF. References:
* NIST Cybersecurity Framework - Official Site1
* Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity - Version 1.02
* ISA/IEC 62443 Standards - Official Site3
* ISA/IEC 62443 Compliance & Scoring | Centraleyes4
質問 # 17
What do packet filter firewalls examine?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Every incoming packet up to the application layer
- B. Only the source, destination, and ports in the header of each packet
- C. The packet structure and sequence
- D. The relationships between packets in a session
正解：B
質問 # 18
Which is the PRIMARY reason why Modbus over Ethernet is easy to manaqe in a firewall?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Modbus uses a single master to communicate with multiple slaves usinq simple commands.
- B. Modbus has no known security vulnerabilities, so firewall rules are simple to implement.
- C. Modbus uses explicit source and destination IP addresses and a sinqle known TCP port.
- D. Modbus is a proprietary protocol that is widely supported by vendors.
正解：C
解説：
According to the ISA/IEC 62443-2-4 standard, a training and security awareness program should include all personnel who have access to the industrial automation and control system (IACS) or who are involved in its operation, maintenance, or management. This includes vendors and suppliers, employees, temporary staff, contractors, and visitors. The purpose of the program is to ensure that all personnel are aware of the security risks and policies related to the IACS, and that they have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their roles in a secure manner. The program should also cover the roles and responsibilities of different personnel, the reportingprocedures for security incidents, and the best practices for security hygiene. References:
* ISA/IEC 62443-2-4:2015 - Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 2-4: Security program requirements for IACS service providers1
* ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Training Course2
質問 # 19
What is the name of the missing layer in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model shown below?
- A. Transport
- B. Protocol
- C. User
- D. Control
正解：A
解説：
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a framework that describes the functions of a networking system. The OSI model categorizes the computing functions of the different network components, outlining the rules and requirement needed to support the interoperability of the software and hardware that make up the network1.
The OSI model consists of seven abstraction layers arranged in a top-down order: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. The Transport layer is the fourth layer in the OSI model, and it is responsible for ensuring reliable and efficient data transfer between the Network layer and the Session layer2. The Transport layer uses protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to provide end-to-end communication services, such as error detection and correction, flow control, congestion control, and segmentation2.
The image that you sent shows a 3D representation of the OSI model, with the layers stacked on top of each other. The missing layer is the Transport layer, which isrepresented by a pink box with a white arrow pointing to it. The arrow is labeled "TCP, UDP".
1: What is the OSI Model? 7 Network Layers Explained | Fortinet 2: What is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained
- GeeksforGeeks
質問 # 20
Electronic security, as defined in ANSI/ISA-99.00.01:2007. includes which of the following?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Personnel, policies, and procedures related to the security of computers, networks. PLCs, and other programmable configurable components of the system
- B. Computers, networks, operating systems, applications, and other programmable configurable components of the system
- C. Security guidelines for the proper configuration of IACS computers and operating systems
- D. Security guidelines for the proper configuration of IACS PLCs and other programmable configurable components of the system
正解：A、B
解説：
In ANSI/ISA-99.00.01:2007, which is part of the ISA/IEC 62443 standards, electronic security encompasses both the technical and human aspects of cybersecurity within industrial automated and control systems (IACS). Option B correctly highlights components such as computers, networks, operating systems, applications, and other programmable configurable components which are intrinsic to the system's electronic security framework. Option C is also correct as it includes the personnel, policies, andprocedures which play a crucial role in securing these systems. This emphasizes that security is not only about the technological solutions but also about managing human elements and organizational processes effectively.ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals References:
* ISA/IEC 62443 standards focus on the holistic nature of security which is clearly supported by including both the technological (Option B) and human elements (Option C) in the definition of electronic security.
質問 # 21
In an IACS system, a typical security conduit consists of which of the following assets?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Wiring, routers, switches, and network management devices
- B. Controllers, sensors, transmitters, and final control elements
- C. Power lines, cabinet enclosures, and protective grounds
- D. Ferrous, thickwall, and threaded conduit including raceways
正解：A
解説：
A security conduit is a logical or physical grouping of communication channels connecting two or more zones that share common security requirements1. A zone is a grouping of systems and components based on their functional, logical, and physical relationship that share common security requirements1. Therefore, a security conduit consists of assets that enable or facilitatecommunication between zones, such as wiring, routers, switches, and network management devices. Controllers, sensors, transmitters, and final control elements are examples of assets that belong to a zone, not a conduit. Ferrous, thickwall, and threaded conduit including raceways are physical structures that may enclose or protect wiring, but they are not part of the communication channels themselves. Power lines, cabinet enclosures, and protective grounds are also not part of the communication channels, but rather provide power or protection to the assets in a zone or a conduit. References: 1: Key Concepts of ISA/IEC 62443: Zones & Security Levels | Dragos
質問 # 22
Why is OPC Classic considered firewall unfriendly?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. OPC Classic is allowed to use only port 80.
- B. OPC Classic works with control devices from different manufacturers.
- C. OPC Classic uses DCOM, which dynamically assigns any port between 1024 and 65535.
- D. OPC Classic is an obsolete communication standard.
正解：C
質問 # 23
What is OPC?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. An open standard protocol for the communication of real-time data between devices from different
manufacturers - B. An open standard serial communications protocol widely used in industrial manufacturing environments
- C. A vendor-specific proprietary protocol for the communication of real-time plant data between control devices
- D. An open standard protocol for real-time field bus communication between automation technology
devices
正解：A
質問 # 24
Which characteristic is MOST closely associated with the deployment of a demilitarized zone (DMZ)?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Level 0 can only interact with Level 1 through the firewall.
- B. Email is prevented, thereby mitigating the risk of phishing attempts.
- C. Level 4 systems must use the DMZ to communicate with Level 3 and below.
- D. Internet access through the firewall is allowed.
正解：D
解説：
In cybersecurity, a demilitarized zone (DMZ) refers to a physical or logical subnetwork that contains and exposes an organization's external-facing services to an untrusted network, typically the internet. The main characteristic of a DMZ is that it acts as a buffer zone between the public internet and the private network.
This allows for internet access through the firewall while keeping the internal network secure. Internet-facing servers are placed in the DMZ so that they are separated from the rest of the internal network. By doing so, if a server in the DMZ is compromised, the attacker would not have direct access to the internal network. This architecture is commonly used to host services such as web servers, mail servers, and FTP servers. Choice C is the most closely associated with the deployment of a DMZ as it allows for regulated and monitored internet access through a firewall.
質問 # 25
Which of the following is an activity that should trigger a review of the CSMS?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Security incident exposing previously unknown risk.
- B. Organizational restructuring
- C. Budgeting
- D. New technical controls
正解：A、B、D
解説：
According to the ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 standard, a review of the CSMS should be triggered by any changes that affect the cybersecurity risk of the industrial automation and control system (IACS), such as new technical controls, organizational restructuring, or security incidents1. Budgeting is not a trigger for CSMS review, unless it impacts the cybersecurity risk level or the CSMS itself2. References: 1: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010, Section 4.3.3.3 2: A Practical Approach to Adopting the IEC 62443 Standards, ISAGCA Blog3
質問 # 26
Which of the following are the critical variables related to access control?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Password strength and change frequency
- B. Account management and monitoring
- C. Account management and password strength
- D. Reporting and monitoring
正解：C
質問 # 27
What is a feature of an asymmetric key?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Uses a continuous stream
- B. Shares the same key OD.
- C. Has lower network overhead
- D. Uses different keys
正解：D
質問 # 28
Which of the following ISA-99 (IEC 62443) Reference Model levels is named correctly?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Level 3: Operations Management
- B. Level 2: Quality Control
- C. Level 1: Supervisory Control
- D. Level 4: Process
正解：A
解説：
The ISA-99/IEC 62443 standards for industrial automation and control systems security categorize network and system components into different levels based on their operational context. The correct name from the provided options for one of these levels is Level 3: Operations Management. This level typically encompasses systems that manage production control systems, including batch management, production scheduling, and overall factory operations. The other levels listed, such as Supervisory Control and Process, refer to different aspects of the system but are not named correctly in the options provided. Level 1 is correctly referred to as
"Basic Control," and Level 4 should be "Business Logistics" instead of "Process."
質問 # 29
What is the FIRST step required in implementing ISO 27001?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Implement strict security controls.
- B. Define an information security policy.
- C. Perform a security risk assessment.
- D. Create a security management organization.
正解：D
質問 # 30
How many element qroups are in the "Addressinq Risk" CSMS cateqorv?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解：A
解説：
The "Addressing Risk" CSMS category consists of three element groups: Security Policy, Organization and Awareness; Selected Security Countermeasures; and Implementation of Security Program1. These element groups cover the aspects of defining the security objectives, roles and responsibilities, policies and procedures, awareness and training, security countermeasures selection and implementation, and security program execution and maintenance1. The "Addressing Risk" CSMS category aims to reduce the security risk to an acceptable level by applying appropriate security measures to the system under consideration (SuC)1. References: 1: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1: Security for industrial automation and control systems:
Establishing an industrial automation and control systems security program
質問 # 31
Which of the following tools has the potential for serious disruption of a control network and should not be used on a live system?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Vulnerability scanner
- B. FTP
- C. Web browser
- D. Remote desktop
正解：A
解説：
A vulnerability scanner is a tool that scans a network or a system for known vulnerabilities, such as misconfigurations, outdated software, or weak passwords. A vulnerability scanner can provide valuable information for improving the security posture of a system, but it can also cause serious disruption of a control network if used on a live system. This is because a vulnerability scanner may generate a large amount of network traffic, consume system resources, trigger alarms, or even crash devices by exploiting vulnerabilities.
Therefore, a vulnerability scanner should not be used on a live system without proper authorization and precautions. A vulnerability scanner should only be used on a test or isolated network, or during a scheduled maintenance window with minimal impact on the system operation. References: ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, Module 5: Assessing the Current Security Level, Slide 25.
質問 # 32
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