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質問 # 377
Which of the following is a means of reaching a group decision in which everyone agrees on a single course of action?
- A. Dictatorship
- B. Plurality
- C. Unanimity
- D. Majority
正解：C
質問 # 378
A risk may be graded into different priorities by which process?
- A. Quantitative risk analysis
- B. Risk response planning
- C. Risk monitoring and controlling
- D. Qualitative risk analysis
正解：D
質問 # 379
Which process uses expert judgment to manage project resources?
- A. Estimate Activity Resources
- B. Manage Team
- C. Plan Resource Management
- D. Both A and B
正解：D
質問 # 380
Which process documents the business needs of a project and the new product, service, or other result that is intended to satisfy those requirements?
- A. Develop Project Charter
- B. Develop Project Management Plan
- C. Collect Requirements
- D. Direct and Manage Project Execution
正解：A
質問 # 381
The planned work contained in the lowest level of work breakdown structure (WBS) components is known as:
- A. Work packages.
- B. Accepted deliverables.
- C. The scope baseline.
- D. The WBS dictionary.
正解：A
質問 # 382
An issue log is an input to which Project Human Resource Management process?
- A. Plan Human Resource Management
- B. Develop Project Team
- C. Manage Project Team
- D. Acquire Project Team
正解：C
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
9.4.1.4 Issue Log
Issues arise in the course of managing the project team. An issue log can be used to document and monitor who is responsible for resolving specific issues by a target date.
Process: 9.4 Manage Project Team
Definition: The process of tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing changes to optimize project performance.
Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it influences team behavior, manages conflict, resolves issues, and appraises team member performance.
Inputs
1. Human resource management plan
2. Project staff assignments
3. Team performance assessments
4. Issue log
5. Work performance reports
6. Organizational process assets
Tools & Techniques
1. Observation and conversation
2. Project performance appraisals
3. Conflict management
4. Interpersonal skills
Outputs
1. Change requests
2. Project management plan updates
3. Project documents updates
4. Enterprise environmental factors updates
5. Organizational process assets updates
質問 # 383
The following is a network diagram for a project.
The critical path for the project is how many days in duration?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解：D
質問 # 384
Which type of dependency used in the Sequence Activities process is sometimes referred to as preferred logic, preferential logic, or soft logic?
- A. Mandatory
- B. External
- C. Internal
- D. Discretionary
正解：D
解説：
Section: Volume B
Explanation:
6.3.2.2 Dependency Determination
Dependencies may be characterized by the following attributes: mandatory or discretionary, internal or external, as described below. Dependency has four attributes, but two can be applicable at the same time in following ways: mandatory external dependencies, mandatory internal dependencies, discretionary external dependencies, or discretionary internal dependencies.
Mandatory dependencies. Mandatory dependencies are those that are legally or contractually required or
inherent in the nature of the work. Mandatory dependencies often involve physical limitations, such as on a construction project, where it is impossible to erect the superstructure until after the foundation has been built, or on an electronics project, where a prototype has to be built before it can be tested.
Mandatory dependencies are also sometimes referred to as hard logic or hard dependencies. Technical dependencies may not be mandatory. The project team determines which dependencies are mandatory during the process of sequencing the activities. Mandatory dependencies should not be confused with assigning schedule constraints in the scheduling tool.
Discretionary dependencies. Discretionary dependencies are sometimes referred to as preferred logic,
preferential logic, or soft logic. Discretionary dependencies are established based on knowledge of best practices within a particular application area or some unusual aspect of the project where a specific sequence is desired, even though there may be other acceptable sequences. Discretionary dependencies should be fully documented since they can create arbitrary total float values and can limit later scheduling options. When fast tracking techniques are employed, these discretionary dependencies should be reviewed and considered for modification or removal. The project team determines which dependencies are discretionary during the process of sequencing the activities.
External dependencies. External dependencies involve a relationship between project activities and non-
project activities. These dependencies are usually outside the project team's control. For example, the testing activity in a software project may be dependent on the delivery of hardware from an external source, or governmental environmental hearings may need to be held before site preparation can begin on a construction project. The project management team determines which dependencies are external during the process of sequencing the activities.
Internal dependencies. Internal dependencies involve a precedence relationship between project activities
and are generally inside the project team's control. For example, if the team cannot test a machine until they assemble it, this is an internal mandatory dependency. The project management team determines which dependencies are internal during the process of sequencing the activities.
質問 # 385
Lessons learned documentation is gathered during which of the following Project Management Process Groups?
- A. Executing
- B. Initiating
- C. Closing
- D. Planning
正解：C
解説：
Section: Volume D
Explanation:
3.7 Closing Process Group
The Closing Process Group consists of those processes performed to conclude all activities across all Project Management Process Groups to formally complete the project, phase, or contractual obligations. This Process Group, when completed, verifes that the defined processes are completed within all of the Process Groups to close the project or a project phase, as appropriate, and formally establishes that the project or project phase is complete.
This Process Group also formally establishes the premature closure of the project. Prematurely closed projects may include, for example: aborted projects, cancelled projects, and projects having a critical situation. In specific cases, when some contracts cannot be formally closed (e.g. claims, termination clauses, etc.) or some activities are to be transferred to other organizational units, specific hand-over procedures may be arranged and finalized.
At project or phase closure, the following may occur:
Obtain acceptance by the customer or sponsor to formally close the project or phase,
Conduct post-project or phase-end review,
Record impacts of tailoring to any process,
Document lessons learned,
Apply appropriate updates to organizational process assets,
Archive all relevant project documents in the project management information system (PMIS) to be used as
historical data,
Close out all procurement activities ensuring termination of all relevant agreements, and
Perform team members' assessments and release project resources.
質問 # 386
Which document includes the project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints?
- A. Project charter
- B. Project document updates
- C. Scope management plan
- D. Project scope statement
正解：D
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The project team must complete a scope statement for developing a common understanding of the project scope among stakeholders. This lists project deliverables - summary level sub-products, whose full and satisfactory delivery marks the completion of the project.
質問 # 387
Regression analysis, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis (FTA), and trend analysis are examples of which tool or technique?
- A. Analytical techniques
- B. Earned value management
- C. Forecasting methods
- D. Expert judgment
正解：A
質問 # 388
Soft logic is also known as what type of dependency?
- A. Mandatory
- B. External
- C. Internal
- D. Discretionary
正解：D
解説：
Section: Volume E
Explanation
Explanation:
6.3.2.2 Dependency Determination
Dependencies may be characterized by the following attributes: mandatory or discretionary, internal or external, as described below. Dependency has four attributes, but two can be applicable at the same time in following ways: mandatory external dependencies, mandatory internal dependencies, discretionary external dependencies, or discretionary internal dependencies.
Mandatory dependencies. Mandatory dependencies are those that are legally or contractually required or
inherent in the nature of the work. Mandatory dependencies often involve physical limitations, such as on a construction project, where it is impossible to erect the superstructure until after the foundation has been built, or on an electronics project, where a prototype has to be built before it can be tested. Mandatory dependencies are also sometimes referred to as hard logic or hard dependencies. Technical dependencies may not be mandatory. The project team determines which dependencies are mandatory during the process of sequencing the activities. Mandatory dependencies should not be confused with assigning schedule constraints in the scheduling tool.
Discretionary dependencies. Discretionary dependencies are sometimes referred to as preferred logic,
preferential logic, or soft logic. Discretionary dependencies are established based on knowledge of best practices within a particular application area or some unusual aspect of the project where a specific sequence is desired, even though there may be other acceptable sequences. Discretionary dependencies should be fully documented since they can create arbitrary total float values and can limit later scheduling options. When fast tracking techniques are employed, these discretionary dependencies should be reviewed and considered for Explanation:
4.1.2.1 Expert Judgment
Expert judgment is often used to assess the inputs used to develop the project charter. Expert judgment is applied to all technical and management details during this process. Such expertise is provided by any group or individual with specialized knowledge or training and is available from many sources, including:
Other units within the organization,
Consultants,
Stakeholders, including customers or sponsors,
Professional and technical associations,
Industry groups,
Subject matter experts (SME), and
Project management office (PMO).
Process: 4.2. Develop Project Management Plan
Definition: The process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all subsidiary plans and integrating them into a comprehensive project management plan. The project's integrated baselines and subsidiary plans may be included within the project management plan.
Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is a central document that defines the basis of all project work.
Inputs
1. Project charter
2. Outputs from other processes
3. Enterprise environmental factors
4. Organizational process assets
Tools & Techniques
5. Expert judgment
6. Facilitation techniques
Outputs
7. Project management plan
4.2.3.1 Project Management Plan
The project management plan is the document that describes how the project will be executed, monitored, and controlled. It integrates and consolidates all of the subsidiary plans and baselines from the planning processes.
Project baselines include, but are not limited to:
Scope baseline (Section 5.4.3.1),
Schedule baseline (Section 6.6.3.1), and
Cost baseline (Section 7.3.3.1).
Subsidiary plans include, but are not limited to:
Scope management plan (Section 5.1.3.1),
Requirements management plan (Section 5.1.3.2),
Schedule management plan (Section 6.1.3.1),
Cost management plan (Section 7.1.3.1),
Quality management plan (Section 8.1.3.1),
Process improvement plan (Section 8.1.3.2),
Human resource management plan (Section 9.1.3.1),
Communications management plan (Section 10.1.3.1),
Risk management plan (Section 11.1.3.1),
Procurement management plan (Section 12.1.3.1), and
Stakeholder management plan (Section 13.2.3.1).
Among other things, the project management plan may also include the following:
Life cycle selected for the project and the processes that will be applied to each phase;
Details of the tailoring decisions specified by the project management team as follows:
○ Project management processes selected by the project management team,
○ Level of implementation for each selected process,
○ Descriptions of the tools and techniques to be used for accomplishing those processes, and
○ Description of how the selected processes will be used to manage the specific project, including the dependencies and interactions among those processes and the essential inputs and outputs.
Description of how work will be executed to accomplish the project objectives;
Change management plan that documents how changes will be monitored and controlled;
Configuration management plan that documents how Configuration management will be performed;
Description of how the integrity of the project baselines will be maintained;
Requirements and techniques for communication among stakeholders; and
Key management reviews for content, the extent of, and timing to address, open issues and pending
decisions.
The project management plan may be either summary level or detailed, and may be composed of one or more subsidiary plans. Each of the subsidiary plans is detailed to the extent required by the specific project. Once the project management plan is baselined, it may only be changed when a change request is generated and approved through the Perform Integrated Change Control process.
modification or removal. The project team determines which dependencies are discretionary during the process of sequencing the activities.
External dependencies. External dependencies involve a relationship between project activities and non-
project activities. These dependencies are usually outside the project team's control. For example, the testing activity in a software project may be dependent on the delivery of hardware from an external source, or governmental environmental hearings may need to be held before site preparation can begin on a construction project. The project management team determines which dependencies are external during the process of sequencing the activities.
Internal dependencies. Internal dependencies involve a precedence relationship between project activities
and are generally inside the project team's control. For example, if the team cannot test a machine until they assemble it, this is an internal mandatory dependency. The project management team determines which dependencies are internal during the process of sequencing the activities.
質問 # 389
Which project document is updated in the Control Stakeholder Engagement process?
- A. Lessons learned documentation
- B. Issue log
- C. Work performance information
- D. Project reports
正解：B
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
13.4.1.2 Issue Log
Described in Section 13.3.3.1. The issue log is updated as new issues are identified and current issues are resolved.
9.4.1.4 Issue Log
Issues arise in the course of managing the project team. An issue log can be used to document and monitor who is responsible for resolving specific issues by a target date.
Process: 13.4 Control Stakeholder Engagement
Definition: The process of monitoring overall project stakeholder relationships and adjusting strategies and plans for engaging stakeholders.
Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it will maintain or increase the efficiency and effectiveness of stakeholder engagement activities as the project evolves and its environment changes.
Inputs
1. Project management plan
2. Issue log
3. Work performance data
4. Project documents
Tools & Techniques
1. Information management systems
2. Expert judgment
3. Meetings
Outputs
1. Work performance information
2. Change requests
3. Project management plan updates
4. Project documents updates
5. Organizational process assets updates
質問 # 390
What type of project structure is a hierarchically organized depiction of the resources by type?
- A. Organizational breakdown structure (OBS)
- B. Project breakdown structure (PBS)
- C. Work breakdown structure (WBS)
- D. Resource breakdown structure (RBS)
正解：D
質問 # 391
Which is an example of analogous estimating?
- A. Estimates are created by using information about resources of previous similar projects
- B. Estimates are created at the task level and aggregated upwards
- C. Estimates are created by analyzing data
- D. Estimates are created by individuals or groups with specialized knowledge
正解：A
解説：
Section: Volume E
Explanation/Reference: https://www.projectengineer.net/analogous-estimating/
質問 # 392
A project manager needs to request outside support for a statement of work (SOW) that is not precise.
Which kind of contract does the project manager need to create?
- A. Cost plus award fee (CPAF)
- B. Time and material (T&M)
- C. Cost plus fixed fee (CPFF)
- D. Fixed price
正解：B
質問 # 393
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