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質問 # 49
Why might static analysis be used on an Agile project'
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. To implement a test-driven approach at the component level
- B. To identify the causes of technical debt through the use of tools
- C. To manually identify potential defects and thus avoid technical debt
- D. To clarify and simplify code design without changing its behavior
正解：B
解説：
Static analysis in Agile projects is utilized to identify potential issues in code that could lead to technical debt.
This process involves using tools to analyze the code without actually executing it, which helps in detecting complex code, potential bugs, and areas of the code that may require refactoring. By identifying these issues early in the development process, teams can address them promptly, thus maintaining code quality and avoiding the accumulation of technical debt that could hinder future development efforts.
References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester syllabus includes learning objectives that cover the understanding of static code analysis and its role in identifying defects and technical debt as part of code review processes in Agile projects12.
質問 # 50
which statement about test approaches is TRUE7
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. in a Model-based test approach, tests can be created automatically
- B. When taking a Reactive test approach, Increased test automation will reduce the time available for exploratory testing
- C. Test automation is not suitable when taking a Process-compliant test approach
- D. A Regression-averse test approach requires an ever-growing set of automated regression tests
正解：A
解説：
A Model-based test approach involves creating models that represent the desired behaviors of a system. These models can then be used to generate test cases automatically, which is a key advantage of this approach. It allows for efficient test case generation and can help ensure thorough coverage of the system's functionality.
References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester materials discuss various test approaches and emphasize the benefits of model-based testing, including the automatic generation of tests12.
質問 # 51
You have been working as a tester in an Agile team You have found that the user stories are being defined by the team but it is still unclear what will be a successful outcome Even after story elaboration you are still unclear as to what a story should do As a result, you're not really sure what to test or to know when you'll be done with testing This problem is becoming worse as completed stories are showcased but the product owner is unhappy with the results You've looked into the matter further and the comments from the product owner indicate that features are missing from the stories. The story is functioning correctly within the limited definition of the story but the product owner is expecting more functionality, such as error handling that isn't being defined in the story What technique should you implement that would help to further define the product owner's expectations and alleviate the issues that are arising during the show cases?
- A. A combination of TDD and BDD by the team to improve the pre-build testing
- B. TDD by the developers before they begin coding
- C. ATDD by the team to better define the requirements
- D. BDD by the developers when unit tests are being created
正解：C
解説：
Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD) involves the whole team collaboratively discussing acceptance criteria, with examples, and then distilling them into a set of concrete acceptance tests before development begins. It's a way to get clear on what to build, and it's done in a way that allows the team to know when a story is complete. ATDD helps to make sure that all the stakeholders have a common understanding of what is being built and what the success criteria are.
References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester documents emphasize the importance of defining testable requirements within an Agile team and creating andimplementing various Agile test approaches using appropriate techniques1. It also supports the contribution to test automation activities in an Agile project2, which aligns with the principles of ATDD.
質問 # 52
Which of the following is a primary goal for refactoring test cases?
- A. To ensure they adequately test the product's potentially changed functionality
- B. To detect and remove defects from the code being tested
- C. To reduce the details and ensure the test case is only targeting high-level functionality
- D. To increase the usability of the test cases with the goal of later using them for UAT
正解：A
質問 # 53
Which of the following elicitation techniques is BEST usedwhen questioning a large number of stakeholders specifically to obtain information for non-functional acceptance criteria?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Qualitative Review
- B. Quality Analysis
- C. Qualitative Questionnaires
- D. Quantitative Questionnaires
正解：D
解説：
Quantitative questionnaires are best suited for eliciting non-functional requirements from a large number of stakeholders. This is because they allow for the collection of measurable, statistical data that can be analyzed to understand the stakeholders' needsregarding system qualities like performance, usability, and reliability. These questionnaires can be designed to include specific questions about non-functional aspects, which can then be quantitatively assessed to inform the acceptance criteria1.
References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester syllabus and study resources emphasize the importance of understanding and defining both functional and non-functional requirements in Agile environments. They outline various elicitation techniques that can be used to gather these requirements, including the use of questionnaires for collecting quantitative data23.
質問 # 54
What is a virtualized service?
- A. A stateless mock service that provides simple responses to requests
- B. A stateful mock service that appears to provide the same behavior and data handling as the real service without actually performing the processing
- C. A set of simple stubs used to provide positive acknowledgements for all messages received
- D. A software service that is developed by another organization but used in the production software as an integral part of a software product
正解：B
解説：
* Definition of Virtualized Services:Virtualized services simulate the behavior of real services, including handling data and interactions, without performing actual backend processing.
* Stateful Nature:Unlike stateless mocks or stubs, virtualized services can maintain state and mimic complex behaviors of the original service.
* Analysis of Options:
* A describes a stateless mock, not a virtualized service.
* B refers to third-party production services, not virtualization.
* C correctly identifies a stateful mock that behaves like the real service.
* D describes simple stubs, not virtualized services.
* Conclusion:Option C is the best description of a virtualized service.
質問 # 55
Which of the following is an example of how continuous testing facilitates continuous delivery?
- A. Continuous testing is the process that delivers the code to the test environment
- B. Automated testing conducted in the delivery environment helps validate that the delivery has been successful
- C. Continuous testing supports continuous delivery to production by constantly regression testing the software in the production environment so problems are identified quickly
- D. Automated testing removes the need to report defects so the code can move more quickly toward production
正解：C
質問 # 56
An increased proportion of automated test coverage often leads to a greater degree of manual testing that follows reactive strategies, because:
- A. Many of the tests that can be prepared upfront, will be automated which enables the testers to spend more time for execution of manual tests
- B. If the proportion of automated tests increases, manual tests focus on the riskiest areas which are identified reactively
- C. An increase of the proportion of automated test increases test coverage, and the uncovered areas are to be tested reactively
- D. Reactive strategies consider the current context and status of the project and the system under test. To be able to adopt to this status most flexible a greater degree of manual testing is necessary
正解：D
解説：
The increase in automated test coverage allows for more frequent and extensive testing of the software, which in turn provides more up-to-date information about the current state of the system. This enables testers to apply reactive strategies effectively, as they can focus manual testing efforts on areas that are most likely to be affected by recent changes or that are identified as high-risk. Reactive strategies are adaptive and context-dependent, making them well-suited for the dynamic and iterative nature of Agile projects.
References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester syllabus and study materials emphasize the importance of integrating automated testing within the Agile process to support continuous integration and delivery. It also highlights the need for manual testing to complement automated tests by focusing on areas that require human judgment and exploratory testing skills12.
質問 # 57
You need to implement a Java class that validates a password entry field. The validation critena states that the password must:
1. be a minimum of 8 characters
2 contain at least one special character.
You are focusing on validation criterion 1 and have written a test class that checks that a 7 character password entry will fail validation.
You have written code designed to make this test class pass, however, on first execution of the test class it has failed What should you do next9 SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Repair the failing code and re-execute it for the test class
- B. Add code to cover special character validation criterion 2
- C. Develop a test class with a 9 character password containing one special character and re-execute the code
- D. Refactor the failing code to improve its design and structure
正解：A
解説：
In the context of Agile Technical Testing, when a test class fails, the immediate next step is to repair the failing code. This aligns with the Agile principle of fast feedback and continuous improvement. The failing test indicates that the current implementation does not meet the specified criteria, hence the need to correct the code. Once the code is repaired, it should be re-executed to verify that the test now passes, ensuring that the validation criterion is met.
References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester materials emphasize the importance of quick iterations and prompt responses to test failures. This approach helps maintain the momentum of the development process and ensures that issues are addressed as soon as they are identified1
質問 # 58
You have been asked to supply the data file for a data-driven test automation script that will be used to test the following story:
As a customer I want to be told how many items I need to purchase, so I can receive free shipping You have been told the automation will verify whether or not the free shipping message is displayed. Which of the following columns should appear in your data file to support the automated testing of this story?
- A. item ID quantity purchased free shipping (y/n)
- B. item ID quantity purchased free shipping (y/n), item shipping cost total shipping cost
- C. customer name # items, price of items, total shipping cost
- D. quantity purchased, free shipping (y/n), total shipping cost
正解：A
解説：
For the user story in question, the data file for the data-driven test automation script should include columns that directly relate to the criteria for free shipping. The column 'item ID' is necessary to identify the specific items being purchased. 'Quantity purchased' is required to determine if the number of items meets the threshold for free shipping. The 'free shipping (y/n)' column is essential to verify if the free shipping message displays correctly based on the quantity purchased. This setup aligns with the principles of data-driven testing where inputs and expected outcomes are clearly defined to validate the functionality being tested.
References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester syllabus and materials emphasize the importance of creating data files that support the automated testing of user stories. The data file should contain columns that are relevant to the story's acceptance criteria and enable the automation to verify the correct behavior of the system12.
質問 # 59
Which of the following is a correct statement?
- A. Test automation is a test objective
- B. Test automation is a procedure
- C. Test automation is a methodology
- D. Test automation is a strategy
正解：D
解説：
* Definition of Test Automation:Test automation is not a procedure, objective, or methodology. Instead, it is a strategic approach to automate testing activities to improve efficiency and coverage.
* Strategic Nature:The ISTQB syllabus defines test automation as a strategy that integrates automated tests into the development lifecycle.
* Conclusion:Option C is correct as test automation aligns with the definition of a strategy.
質問 # 60
Your team is developing an e-shop application (the SUT) that will use a third-party service to process payments via an API. This third-party payment gateway is itself still under development Which statement contains a pair of benefits that can BOTH be expected from service virtualization in this circumstance' SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Realistic testing of the SUT before the actual payment gateway is available, simplification of the test environment
- B. Earlier discovery of defects in the SUT; the ability to share code between the SUT and the payment gateway.
- C. Earlier testing of the API, reduction in the amount of test data needed
- D. Parallel compilation, continuous integration, and test automation; more effective configuration management.
正解：A
解説：
Service virtualization is a technique that allows teams to simulate the behavior of dependent systems or components that are not readily accessible during the testing phase. In the context of developing an e-shop application with a payment gateway still under development, service virtualization offers the following benefits:
* Realistic Testing: It enables the testing of the e-shop application (SUT) in a manner that closely resembles the final production environment by simulating the payment gateway's behavior. This allows for the identification of defects and issues early in the development process12.
* Simplification of the Test Environment: By using virtual services, the complexity of the test environment is reduced. There's no need to set up and maintain actual integrations with the third-party payment gateway until it is fully developed, which simplifies the testing process and infrastructure requirements12.
References = The benefits of service virtualization are well-documented in the ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester syllabus and other software testing resources, which highlight its role in enabling early and realistic testing, as well as simplifying the test environment3412.
質問 # 61
An increased proportion of automated test coverage often leads to a greater degree of manual testing that follows reactive strategies, because:
- A. Reactive strategies consider the current context and status of the project and the system under test. To be able to adopt to this status most flexible a greater degree of manual testing is necessary
- B. If the proportion of automated tests increases, manual tests focus on the riskiest areas which are identified reactively
- C. Many of the tests that can be prepared upfront, will be automated which enables the testers to spend more time for execution of manual tests
- D. An increase of the proportion of automated test increases test coverage, and the uncovered areas are to be tested reactively
正解：C
質問 # 62
The challenges described below are of test automation in agile settings or agile projects. Which is the correctly described one?
- A. Test deployment time is one of the challenges of agile testing, as deploying slow is not possible in short iterations
- B. Unit testing automation is the most critical test automation needed in agile and covers most of the testing challenges in agile quality of code and gives good test coverage
- C. Test Execution Time is not critical in agile as there are fewer tests written, and they are designed as checklists or high-level tests which reduces the time it takes to execute them
- D. Resource's availability is a challenge in automating tests in agile settings, as they are needed to create, maintain, and execute the test suite
正解：D
解説：
In Agile settings, the availability of resources is indeed a challenge for test automation. Agile projects require rapid development and frequent changes, which means that the test suite must be continuously updated and maintained. This requires dedicated resources that can quickly adapt to these changes and ensure that the test automation is effective and up-to-date. Without sufficient resources, the test automation efforts can become a bottleneck, hindering the Agile team's ability to deliver quality software at speed.
References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester documents discuss the challenges of test automation in Agile settings, including the need for resources to support test automation activities12. It emphasizes the importance of having a well-maintained test suite that can keep up with the pace of Agile development3.
質問 # 63
What is the characteristic of a unit test that makes it "deterministic"?
- A. It tests the details of the code, including verifying all the possible areas of data handling
- B. If it is run with the same conditions, it will get the same result each time
- C. It runs very fast, allowing many tests to be run quickly
- D. It tests only the targeted piece of functionality
正解：B
解説：
* Definition of "Deterministic" in Unit Testing:
* A deterministic test produces consistent results when executed under the same conditions.
* Analyzing the Options:
* A: Correctly describes deterministic behavior.
* B: Refers to test coverage, not determinism.
* C: Refers to atomicity, not determinism.
* D: Speed is unrelated to determinism.
References:Aligned with ISTQB Agile Technical Tester syllabus emphasizing the need for tests to be consistent and predictable.
質問 # 64
Which statement about test automation being applied to a reactive test approach, is CORRECT' SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. BDD can be used within a reactive testing approach by producing automated tests in parallel with the implementation of the user story
- B. For projects that must comply with externally defined regulations, the automated tests and their results must be traceable back to requirements
- C. An increase in automated test coverage can lead to a greater degree of exploratory testing addressing high risk areas
- D. Automation of test execution in exploratory test sessions can lead to increased efficiency and wider coverage of user stories
正解：B
解説：
In a reactive test approach, tests are designed and executed in response to the actual system under test and the results obtained. This approach is characterized by a reduced planning cycle, and the design and implementation of test phases are not carried out until the test object is received. For projects that need to adhere to external regulations, it is crucial that automated tests and their results are traceable back to the requirements to ensure compliance. This traceability allows for the verification that all requirements have been tested and met, which is a common requirement in regulated industries.
References = The explanation aligns with the principles of test automation in a reactive test approach, as outlined in resources related to the ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester certification123. These resources emphasize the importance of traceability in test automation, especially in contexts where compliance with external regulations is necessary.
質問 # 65
You have to review the following user story that will be developed and tested during the next Sprint:
As a potential conference attendee, I want to be able to register for the conference online, so that registration is simple and paperless.
The following acceptance criteria are also mentioned:
i) Payment can be made via PayPal, Debit or Credit Cards
ii) An acknowledgement email is sent to the attendee after submitting the form iii) Protection against spam is working as expected iv) Information from the form is stored in the registrations database v) All incorrect user inputs are flagged by the system Which of the following correctly shows which acceptance criteria are testable?
- A. ii, iv, v are testable
- B. i, ii, iv are testable
- C. i, iii, v are testable
- D. iii, iv, v are testable
正解：B
質問 # 66
Your Agile team is developing a web-based system that will allow users to browse and buy online from a store's shopping catalogue. Continuous Integration has been implemented and technically it is working well, running several times per day, but each run is taking almost as much time as the team is prepared to allow. It is clear that after a few more iterations, as the number of tests needed grows with the product, it will be taking too much time.
Which of the four options contains a pair of solutions that will BOTH help to solve this problem?
a.Only include unit and component integration tests in the automated Cl runs.
b.Schedule low priority tests to be the first ones executed in each run, in order to provide rapid build verification.
c.Reduce the extent to which the automated tests go through the user interface, using technical interfaces instead.
d.Reduce the number of Cl cycles run each day.
e.Select a subset of automated tests for the daytime Cl runs, and run as many of the other tests as possible in an overnight cycle.
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. c and e
- B. d and e
- C. a and c
- D. b and d
正解：A
解説：
The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester syllabus emphasizes the importance of optimizing Continuous Integration (CI) processes in Agile environments. Option C suggests reducing the extent to which automated tests interact with the user interface and instead using technical interfaces, which is often faster as it bypasses the GUI layer. Additionally, running a subset of tests during the day and the rest overnight can help manage the CI process without overloading the system during peak hours. These strategies align with the best practices for maintaining efficient CI cycles and ensuring that the CI process remains sustainable as the number of tests grows with the product.
References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester documents and training resources provide guidelines on test automation approaches and continuous deployment and delivery, which are relevant to optimizing CI processes12. Moreover, best practices for continuous testing in Agile suggest prioritizing tests that provide fast feedback and running extensive test suites outside of peak hours3.
質問 # 67
You have identified existing test cases that require re-factoring, Which is the NEXT task you should perform?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Re run the tests to ensure that the test results remain the same
- B. Analyze the Impact of the functionality of the current iteration on the existing regression tests
- C. Make changes to the internal structure of the tests to improve maintainability
- D. Adjust the observable behavior of the tests to meet the user stories
正解：B
解説：
After identifying test cases that require refactoring, the next task is to analyze the impact of the current iteration's functionality on the existing regression tests. This involves assessing how the new changes will affect the tests and determining if the tests still cover the necessary aspects of the software. The goal is to ensure that the regression tests remain relevant and effective in light of the recent changes made to the application.
References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester syllabus and related materials emphasize the importance of maintaining the relevance and effectiveness of regression tests throughout the development iterations, which includes analyzing the impact of new functionalities on existing tests12.
質問 # 68
The F in the mnemonic FIRST stands for Fast Which option correctly states the meanings of the other four letters (IRST)?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. isolated, Reliable. Self-Verifying, Timely.
- B. Independent, Reliable, Self-Validating, Timely
- C. independent. Repeatable, Self-Verifying, Thorough.
- D. Isolated. Repeatable. Self-Validating, Thorough.
正解：D
解説：
The mnemonic FIRST is used to describe good unit tests in Agile software development. Each letter stands for a quality that the tests should possess:
* F - Fast: Tests should run quickly.
* I - Isolated: Tests should not depend on each other.
* R - Repeatable: Tests should yield the same results every time.
* S - Self-Validating: Tests should have a boolean output (pass or fail).
* T - Thorough: Tests should cover every part of the code.
Option D correctly states the meanings of the letters IRST in the context of the FIRST mnemonic.
References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester documents outline the importance of the FIRST principles in creating effective unit tests within Agile projects. These principles ensure that the tests are reliable and can be used in continuous integration and deployment processes12.
質問 # 69
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