[2022年03月24日] 無料SHRM SHRM-CP試験問題と解答
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質問 147
Which type of voluntary benefit plan goes beyond IRS guidelines and tends to be offered to shareholders and executives?
- A. Defined benefit
- B. Defined contribution
- C. Nonqualified plan
- D. Participation benefit
- E. Qualified plan
正解: C
解説:
Explanation: This question describes the nonqualified plan, which provides benefits to employees such as executives and shareholders. Answer choice A is incorrect because the qualified plan provides IRSapproved tax advantages but without any extra benefits for shareholders and executives. Answer choice C is incorrect because the defined contribution plan utilizes a standard pension plan without any added benefits defined in advance. Answer choice D is incorrect because the defined benefit program starts with a pension plan and adds specified benefits to it. Answer choice E is incorrect because participation benefit is not a type of voluntary benefits plan.
質問 148
LMRDA is also referred to by which of the following names?
- A. LandrumGriffith Act
- B. Wagner Act
- C. NorrisLaGuardia Act
- D. TaftHartley Act
正解: A
解説:
Explanation: As mentioned in the answer for question 149, the LaborManagement Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA) of 1959 also goes by the name of LandrumGriffith (or the LandrumGriffith Act). The TaftHartley Act is the alternative name for the LaborManagement Relations Act (LMRA) of 1947. The NorrisLaGuardia goes by no other name. The Wagner Act is the alternative name for the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).
質問 149
How many managers does each employee report to in a matrix organization?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解: D
解説:
Explanation: In a matrix organization, each employee reports to two managers: a product manager and a functional manager. That is, each employee reports to someone responsible for overseeing the development of a particular product, and someone responsible for overseeing certain types of employees. Matrix organizations require a great deal of cooperation and communication.
質問 150
Recent laws now extend privacy standards to employees regarding OSHA forms. Apart from the employee's specific request, in which of the following cases would it be legally advisable to label the employee's file with a case number instead of the employee's name on OSHA Form 300?
- A. An employee develops hepatitis in the workplace
- B. An employee develops food poisoning in the workplace
- C. An employee develops the flu after receiving a flu vaccine in the workplace
- D. An employee receives a head injury in the workplace
正解: A
解説:
Explanation: Given the sensitive nature of the disease, the contraction of hepatitis, even in the workplace, would be grounds for the employer to use a case number instead of the employee's name. Unless an employee specifically requests a case number, there is no need to assign one to a case file in any of the following situations: an employee contracts the flu after receiving a flu vaccine in the workplace, an employee develops food poisoning in the workplace, or an employee receives a head injury in the workplace.
質問 151
Which of the following types of employee rating systems is usually better for a smaller group of employees but can be difficult to organize with a larger group?
- A. Ranking
- B. Paired comparison
- C. Nominal scale
- D. Forced distribution
正解: A
解説:
Explanation: A ranking system is usually better for a smaller group of employees but can be difficult to organize with a larger group. In a paired comparison, each employee's performance viewed in the context of another employee's performance. A forced distribution usually results in rating employees along a bell curve. A nominal scale is not recognized as a type of employee rating system.
質問 152
Which motivational theory resulted in the idea that job enrichment can improve the overall quality of work and the workplace for employees?
- A. Herzberg Motivation/Hygiene Theory
- B. Adams Equity Theory
- C. Skinner Operant Conditioning Theory
- D. Vroom Expectancy Theory
- E. Alderfer ERG Theory
正解: A
解説:
Explanation: The Herzberg Motivation/Hygiene Theory, developed by Frederick Herzberg in 1959, was the result of Herzberg's study on what motivated employees and the way that positive motivation could bring quantifiable results to a company. Herzberg concluded that giving employees the opportunity to excel in something will bring overall success to the entire company.
質問 153
What is the distinguishing characteristic of a seamless organization?
- A. Lack of hierarchy
- B. Low turnover
- C. Employees report to two managers
- D. Multiple chief executives
正解: A
解説:
Explanation: The distinguishing characteristic of a seamless organization is a lack of hierarchy. In a seamless organization, employees are not placed in departments and restricted in their communication. The traditional boundaries within an organization, whether departmental or geographic, do not exist.
質問 154
Which of the following organizations must complete an annual EEO survey?
- A. A federal subcontractor with more than a hundred employees
- B. A university
- C. A local government with fewer than a hundred employees
- D. A bank that issues United States savings bonds
正解: D
解説:
Explanation: A bank that issues United States savings bonds must complete an annual EEO (equal employment opportunity) survey. This form must be completed before September 30, and must use employment data from a pay period of the most recent July, August, or September. The point of this survey is to ensure that employers are not discriminating in their hiring or promotion practices. Institutions of higher education, state and local governments with more than 100 employees, and federal subcontractors with more than 100 employees are not required to file an EEO survey.
質問 155
Dalton, a human resources professional for an engineering firm, is completing a series of annual reports. During his analysis of employee status, he divides the average number of employees for the year (150) by the number of employees who left the firm during the year (8). He arrives at a rate of 18.75. What is this type of result called?
- A. Replacement cost
- B. Accession rate
- C. Quality of hire
- D. Turnover analysis
正解: D
解説:
Explanation: Turnover analysis results from dividing the average number of employees over a given time frame by the number of employees who left the business. Accession rate is something of the reverse of this: the number of new hires when compared to the full number of employees in a business. The replacement cost shows businesses how much cost goes into hiring new employees; these costs might include overtime costs and training costs. The quality of hire is determined when a business establishes an example of a quality hire and then compares other employees or new hires against it.
質問 156
Which of the following pieces of legislation was intended to improve accounting practices within public companies?
- A. HIPAA
- B. SarbanesOxley Act
- C. Title VII
- D. Rehabilitation Act
正解: B
解説:
Explanation: The SarbanesOxley Act was intended to improve accounting practices within public companies. The Rehabilitation Act penalized businesses for discriminating against employees who have a disability. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 made it illegal for a business to discriminate against an employee due to his national origin. HIPAA, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, in part, protects workers against losing their health coverage immediately if they lose their jobs.
質問 157
Which approach to budgeting requires that every expense be justified?
- A. historical budgeting
- B. zerobased budgeting
- C. bottomup budgeting
- D. parallel budgeting
正解: B
解説:
Explanation: In zerobased budgeting, every expense must be justified. Zerobased budgeting programs attempt to streamline the business by judging the necessity of every item. Historical budgeting, on the other hand, assumes that the expenses from previous years will be carried over. Obviously, zerobased budgeting is a more timeconsuming process, though it can produce substantial savings. Zerobased and historical budgeting programs may be executed in a topdown or bottomup fashion, depending on whether top managers or all relevant managers are included.
質問 158
Which analytical tool indicates the changes that would produce the greatest improvement?
- A. stratification chart
- B. Pareto chart
- C. histogram
- D. Ishikawa diagram
正解: B
解説:
Explanation: A Pareto chart indicates the changes that will produce the greatest improvement. This chart looks like a combination of a bar graph and a line graph. The bars indicate the various causes of a particular problem, while the line indicates the improvement that would result from eliminating each of these causes. This chart is based on the Pareto principle, which is that 80% of the inefficiencies in a process can be removed by changing only 20% of the causes. In other words, a few causes have outsized influence on the process. A histogram, on the other hand, is used to identify patterns in seemingly random events. A stratification chart breaks a complex problem down into its constituent elements. An Ishikawa diagram, otherwise known as a causeandeffect diagram, illustrates all of the steps in a process, with the aim of identifying redundancies and inefficiencies.
質問 159
Which of the following is NOT defined as a major life activity by the Americans with Disabilities Act?
- A. sleeping
- B. personal hygiene
- C. reading
- D. driving
正解: D
解説:
Explanation: The Americans with Disabilities Act does not count driving as a major life activity. According to the act, major life activities are personal care, manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, and working. However, a person may also be covered by the ADA when certain physical or mental impairments are present, including "any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more body systems, such as neurological, musculoskeletal, special sense organs, respiratory (including speech organs), cardiovascular, reproductive, digestive, genitourinary, immune, circulatory, hemic, lymphatic, skin, and endocrine; or ... any mental or psychological disorder, such as an intellectual disability ... organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities." (Code of Federal Regulations, 29CFR1630)
質問 160
Which of the following is not a stated category of OSHA violation?
- A. Repeat
- B. Accidental
- C. Failure to abate
- D. Serious
- E. Otherthanserious
正解: B
解説:
Explanation: The stated categories of OSHA violations include willful, serious, otherthanserious, repeat, failure to abate, and de minimus (or minimal violations). Accidental is not one of the categories officially noted by OSHA, so answer choice C is correct. Answer choices A, B, D, and E all reflect actual categories, so they are incorrect.
質問 161
Which of the following is identified as the "eligibility, rights, and responsibilities notice" for employees regarding FMLA?
- A. WH381
- B. WH380
- C. WH383
- D. WH382
正解: A
解説:
Explanation: Form WH381 is identified as the "eligibility, rights, and responsibilities notice" for employees regarding FMLA. Form WH382 is identified as a "designation notice" to inform employees about FMLA requirements for factors such as a required medical certification or a required fitnessforduty certification. The other answer choices do not reflect significant FMLA forms.
質問 162
Hubert contracts food poisoning from a tuna fish sandwich he made at home. He eats the sandwich in the break room and becomes sick in the employee bathroom. Is this a workrelated illness?
- A. Yes, because he became sick at the workplace.
- B. No, because the food was prepared at home for personal consumption.
- C. No, because food poisoning is not a significant illness.
- D. Yes, because the food was consumed at the workplace.
正解: B
解説:
Explanation: This would not be considered a workrelated illness because the food was prepared at home for personal consumption. If the tuna sandwich had been provided by Hubert's employer, his illness would be considered workrelated. It does not matter that Hubert ate the sandwich or became sick at the workplace.
質問 163
Derek is delivering a presentation to a group of trainees. During the presentation, the trainees will need to take comprehensive notes. How should Derek arrange the seats in the training room?
- A. Chevron style
- B. Ushaped style
- C. conference style
- D. classroom style
正解: D
解説:
Explanation: Derek should arrange the seats in the classroom style. In this style, participants are placed behind desks facing towards the front of the room. This seating arrangement is most appropriate for presentations delivered by a single person, especially when the participants will need to be making notes. In conferencestyle seating, participants are placed around a large square table. In the Ushaped seating style, participants are placed around three sides of a large table, and the presenter stands on the fourth side. In the Chevron style of seating, participants are placed in rows that face the front of the room at an angle, so that they are facing both the presenter and, to a lesser extent, one another.
質問 164
The phrase unholy trinity refers to which of the following organizational controls?
- A. OSHA logs for record of workplace injuries
- B. Steps of a human resource audit
- C. Common law doctrines for worker's compensation
- D. OSHA requirements for IIPP
- E. Toptier leaders of the organization
正解: C
解説:
Explanation: The unholy trinity refers to the common law doctrines of the fellow servant rule, the doctrine of contributory negligence, and the voluntary assumption of risk that traditionally reflected worker's compensation guidelines in the U.S. Answer choices A, B, C, and E are incorrect because they fail to provide the accurate items contained within the phrase unholy trinity.
質問 165
An automotive plant with 70 employees will be closing within the next six months, and the majority of the workers will be laid off. Based on the requirements of the WARN Act of 1988, how long in advance of the closing is the plant expected to inform the workers of the impending layoffs?
- A. 60 days
- B. 30 days
- C. 120 days
- D. 90 days
正解: A
解説:
Explanation: The WARN Act of 1988 requires that the plant inform employees at least 60 days in advance of the impending layoffs. The other options - 30 days, 90 days, or 120 days - are either too short or are unnecessarily early. (The plant might not know 120 days in advance, so it would be difficult to inform employees this long before the event.)
質問 166
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was added to ERISA to do which of the following?
- A. Ensure that all employers are responsible for covering minimum health conditions among employees
- B. Forbid any discrimination based on preexisting health problems or conditions
- C. Link ERISA to COBRA to protect any employees that are covered under COBRA guidelines
- D. Establish new guidelines for employee health insurance programs within organizations
- E. Ensure that retired employees maintain healthcare coverage
正解: B
解説:
Explanation: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was added to ERISA for the express purpose of forbidding any type of health benefit discrimination toward employees based on preexisting health problems or health conditions. Answer choice A is incorrect for several reasons. On the one hand, it is simply too vague to explain the purpose of HIPAA. What is more, answer choice A does not simply establish new guidelines for employee health insurance programs, so it is incorrect. Answer choices B and C are incorrect because both refer to COBRA (answer choice B references COBRA inferentially), and HIPAA is not immediately connected to COBRA or to providing minimum health benefits for employees. Answer choice E is incorrect because it fails to specify the exact purpose of HIPAA and because HIPAA was not added to ERISA simply for the purpose of retired employees maintaining healthcare coverage.
質問 167
Employers will typically use which of the following in order to protect confidential company information?
- A. Nondisclosure agreement
- B. Random searches
- C. Video surveillance
- D. Employee contract
- E. Lie detector test
正解: A
解説:
Explanation: Organizations typically use the nondisclosure agreement to protect their confidential company information. The lie detector test is only legal within certain boundaries, so answer choice A is incorrect. An employee contract generally binds an employee to the company for a specified length of time, but it does not necessarily protect confidential company information, so answer choice C is incorrect. Organizations utilize video surveillance and random searches to ensure that employees are performing their tasks appropriately, but these activities alone do not protect confidential company information, so answer choices D and E are incorrect.
質問 168
Employers with a minimum of how many employees are required by federal law to complete OSHA forms?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解: D
解説:
Explanation: Employers with at least 11 employees are required to complete OSHA forms. A business with only 4 employees does not have to complete the forms (although this might be recommended). Businesses with 14 or 17 employees fall well within the OSHA requirements.
質問 169
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