検証済みのCPHQ問題集と解答で合格保証で試験問題集テストエンジン [2024]
CPHQ問題集と477独特な問題
CPHQ認定を達成するには、かなりの量の準備と研究が必要です。 NAHQは、学習ガイド、オンラインコース、ウェビナーなど、試験の準備を支援するさまざまなリソースを提供しています。さらに、候補者が試験の準備を支援できる、本、練習試験、研究グループなど、他にも多くのリソースがあります。認定されたら、個人は継続教育クレジットを完了し、2年ごとに再認証することにより、認定を維持する必要があります。全体として、CPHQ認定は、医療専門家が品質改善へのコミットメントを実証し、医療品質管理の分野でキャリアを促進する優れた方法です。
NAHQ CPHQ認定試験は、125の複数選択の質問で構成されるコンピューターベースのテストです。この試験は、米国中および国際的にあるピアソンVUEテストセンターで管理されています。候補者は試験を完了するのに4時間あります。
質問 # 52
Two key data collection skills satisfaction and sampling enhance any data collection effort. These skills are based more on___________ and _____________ then on statistics, yet many healthcare professionals have received limited training in both concepts.
- A. Logic and reliability
- B. Ethics and reliability
- C. Relatedness and latest happenings
- D. Logic and clear thinking
正解：A
質問 # 53
The quality manager needs to identify a set of process measures to improve wound care outcomes.
The first step should be to
- A. perform literature search for clinical trials relating to wound care.
- B. conduct clinical record review of wound care sentinel events.
- C. review prior three years on wound outcome best practices.
- D. search for evidence-based guidelines for wound care.
正解：D
解説：
The first step in identifying a set of process measures to improve wound care outcomes should be to search for evidence-based guidelines for wound care. Evidence-based guidelines are developed based on a thorough review of the latest research and clinical best practices, providing a reliable foundation for selecting process measures that have been proven to improve outcomes. These guidelines ensure that the measures implemented are aligned with current standards of care and can effectively contribute to better patient outcomes.
Review prior three years on wound outcome best practices (A): This might provide valuable insights but does not ensure the latest evidence-based practices are being considered.
Perform literature search for clinical trials relating to wound care (B): This could provide useful data but is more time-consuming and less focused on immediate application compared to established guidelines.
Conduct clinical record review of wound care sentinel events (C): This is more reactive, focusing on past failures rather than proactive improvement based on best practices.
Reference
NAHQ Body of Knowledge: Evidence-Based Practice and Process Improvement NAHQ CPHQ Exam Preparation Materials: Identifying and Implementing Process Measures
質問 # 54
__________ accounts for the different types of patients in institutions. Adjustments should be considered when hospital survey results are being released to the public.
- A. Recall base
- B. Bias or mode effects
- C. Case-mixed adjustment
- D. Proxy response
正解：C
質問 # 55
When quality is measured in terms of structure the focus is on the relatively static characteristics of the individuals
who provide care and of the settings where the care is delivered. These characteristics include ____________ of
professionals who provide care and the adequacy of the facility's equipment, and overall organization.
- A. Certification
- B. Training
- C. A, B and C
- D. Education
正解：C
質問 # 56
A hospital installed a new patient safety event reporting system. During the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), decreased use of the system and complexity of reporting were identified as potential failures. What should the team use to determine which failure mode to address first?
- A. risk priority number
- B. frequency of occurrence
- C. severity
- D. detectability
正解：A
解説：
In the context of a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for a new patient safety event reporting system, the team should use the risk priority number (RPN) to determine which failure mode to address first. Here's why:
* Comprehensive Assessment: The RPN is calculated by multiplying the values assigned to the severity, frequency of occurrence, and detectability of a failure mode. This number provides a comprehensive assessment of the risk associated with each potential failure.
* Prioritization: By using the RPN, the team can prioritize which failure modes to address first based on the overall risk they pose. The higher the RPN, the more critical it is to address that failure mode.
* Efficient Resource Allocation: Addressing the highest RPN first ensures that resources are allocated to the areas that have the greatest potential impact on patient safety, making the risk mitigation process more efficient.
* Balanced Decision-Making: The RPN allows the team to consider not just how often a failure might occur, but also how severe the consequences would be and how easy it is to detect before it causes harm. This balanced approach ensures that all relevant factors are considered in decision-making.
References: (Based on Healthcare Quality NAHQ documents and resources)
* NAHQ Modules on Risk Management and FMEA.
* Quality Management in Health Care, Chapter on Using Risk Priority Number in FMEA.
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質問 # 57
Medication reconciliation Is described as
- A. the process of Identifying an accurate list of medications and comparing to another list.
- B. documenting a complete list of medications into the medical record including name, dose, route and frequency.
- C. contacting the primary care provider and validating the medication list.
- D. providing a complete list of medications to the patient and power of attorney at discharge.
正解：A
解説：
* Medication reconciliation is defined by the National Association for Healthcare Quality (NAHQ) as
"the process of avoiding such inadvertent inconsistencies across transitions in care by reviewing the patient's complete medication regimen at the time of admission, transfer, and discharge and comparing it with the regimen being considered for the new setting of care"1.
* Medication reconciliation aims to prevent medication errors, adverse drug events, and patient harm by ensuring that the patient receives the correct medications at the correct doses at the correct times23.
* Medication reconciliation involves four steps: obtaining the best possible medication history (BPMH), identifying and resolving discrepancies, documenting and communicating changes, and providing education and counseling to the patient and caregivers45.
* Medication reconciliation requires the collaboration of health care professionals, patients, and caregivers, and the use of various tools and methods, such as electronic health records, standardized forms, checklists, and protocols67.
* Therefore, medication reconciliation is best described as the process of identifying an accurate list of medications and comparing to another list, as this captures the essence of the activity and its purpose1234567. References: 1: Medication Reconciliation | PSNet 2: Introduction | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 3: Medicine Reconciliation - Health Quality & Safety Commission 4: The High 5s Project Medication Reconciliation Implementation Guide Page ... 5: Falls Prevention and Management | NAHQ 6: Healthcare Quality Education | NAHQ 7: Catalog - My NAHQ
質問 # 58
A healthcare quality professional works in a primary care setting and has been asked to develop a patient safety program. The first step in program development is to
- A. complete a literature search.
- B. define the scope.
- C. survey patients.
- D. visit similar organizations.
正解：B
解説：
When developing a patient safety program, the first step should be to define the scope of the program. Here's why:
* Establishing Boundaries:
* Defining the scope helps clarify what the program will cover, such as specific patient safety concerns, the population it will serve, and the settings in which it will be implemented.
* Guiding Program Development:
* A well-defined scope provides a clear direction for the subsequent steps in the program development process, such as conducting literature searches, surveys, or visits to similar organizations.
* Resource Allocation:
* By clearly defining the scope, the organization can better allocate resources, including time, personnel, and finances, ensuring that the program is feasible and aligned with the organization's goals.
* Stakeholder Alignment:
* Defining the scope at the outset helps align stakeholders, ensuring everyone understands the objectives and limitations of the patient safety program.
While completing a literature search, surveying patients, and visiting similar organizations are important steps in the process, they should occur after the scope has been defined to ensure that all efforts are focused and relevant.
References:
* NAHQ Guide to Developing and Implementing Patient Safety Programs
* NAHQ Healthcare Quality Competency Framework: Program Development
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質問 # 59
The comparison chart interpretation will result in one of the following scenarios, regardless of the type of measure
EXCEPT:
- A. No outliner: Actual performance is within the expected range
- B. Favorable outliner: Actual performance is better than the expected performance
- C. Incomplete data: Data cannot be analyzed because of complexity
- D. Unfavorable outliner: Actual performance is worse than the expected performance
正解：C
質問 # 60
A physician's profile shows a 4% readmission rate following outpatient gallbladder surgery, which Is significantly higher than the rate for their peers.
What action should the quality professional take next?
- A. Compare the physician's readmission rate with peer physicians.
- B. Report the surgeon to the medical board.
- C. Review the physician's privileges against the procedures performed.
- D. Review a sample of recent individual cases of the physician's readmissions.
正解：D
解説：
When a physician's readmission rate is significantly higher than their peers, the next step for a quality professional should be to review a sample of recent individual cases of the physician's readmissions (Option D). This will help identify any patterns or issues that could be contributing to the higher readmission rate12. Reporting the surgeon to the medical board (Option A) is a drastic step that should only be taken if there is evidence of serious misconduct or incompetence. Reviewing the physician's privileges against the procedures performed (Option B) could be useful, but it would not directly address the issue of the high readmission rate. Comparing the physician's readmission rate with peer physicians (Option C) has already been done, as stated in the question. Therefore, the most appropriate next step is to review individual cases to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons for the high readmission rate345.
質問 # 61
Based on the data below, which unit should the quality Improvement coordinator focus on?
- A. Unit C
- B. Unit B
- C. Unit D
- D. Unit A
正解：B
解説：
Based on the data below, which shows the percentage of patients who acquired a hospital-associated infection (HAI) in each unit, the quality improvement coordinator should focus on Unit C, which has the highest rate of HAI among the four units.
A hospital-associated infection (HAI) is an infection that patients get during or after receiving health care in a hospital or other health care facility. HAIs can cause serious complications, increase morbidity and mortality, prolong hospital stays, and increase health care costs. Therefore, preventing and reducing HAIs is a key quality and safety goal for health care organizations.
A quality improvement coordinator is a professional who develops and implements quality improvement initiatives, monitors and evaluates quality performance, and provides education and support to staff and leaders on quality methods and tools. One of their responsibilities is to identify and prioritize areas for improvement based on data analysis and evidence-based practices.
To determine which unit should be the focus of quality improvement efforts, the quality improvement coordinator can use a data analysis tool such as a Pareto chart, which shows the frequency or impact of different factors or causes in descending order, along with a cumulative line that indicates the percentage of the total. A Pareto chart can help identify the most significant issues or opportunities for improvement, based on the 80/20 rule, which states that 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.
Using the data below, a Pareto chart can be created as follows:
Table
The Pareto chart shows that Unit C has the highest HAI rate (12%), followed by Unit B (7%), Unit A (5%), and Unit D (4%). The cumulative line shows that Unit C alone accounts for 40% of the total HAI rate, and Units C and B together account for 63.3% of the total HAI rate. Therefore, according to the Pareto principle, the quality improvement coordinator should focus on Unit C, as it represents the most significant problem area and the greatest opportunity for improvement.
The quality improvement coordinator can then conduct a root cause analysis to identify the possible factors or causes that contribute to the high HAI rate in Unit C, such as staff compliance, infection control practices, patient characteristics, environmental factors, etc. A root cause analysis can be facilitated by using a visual tool such as a fishbone diagram, which organizes possible factors into categories, such as people, process, equipment, environment, etc. The quality improvement coordinator can also collect and compare data from other units or sources to identify gaps and best practices.
Based on the root cause analysis, the quality improvement coordinator can then develop and implement an action plan to address the identified causes and improve the HAI rate in Unit C: The action plan should include specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals, interventions, and indicators. The quality improvement coordinator can also involve the staff and leaders of Unit C in the planning and implementation process, to ensure their engagement and ownership of the improvement efforts.
The quality improvement coordinator should also monitor and evaluate the progress and outcomes of the action plan, using data collection and analysis tools such as run charts, control charts, or statistical process control (SPC), which can show the variation and trends in the HAI rate over time.
The quality improvement coordinator should also provide feedback and recognition to the staff and leaders of Unit C, and make adjustments to the action plan as needed, based on the data and evidence.
Reference: NAHQ HQ Principles, Module 2: Data Management, Lesson 2.3: Data Analysis Tools, Topic
2.3.1:
Pareto Chart, Topic 2.3.2: Fishbone Diagram
NAHQ Learning Lab: The Role of the Healthcare Quality Professional in Population Health Management, Module 3: Data Collection and Analysis, Slide 16: Pareto Chart, Slide 18: Fishbone Diagram NAHQ Journal for Healthcare Quality, Volume 42, Issue 5, September/October 2020, Article: Utilization of Improvement Methodologies by Healthcare Quality Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Page 283: Figure 1. Pareto Chart of COVID-19 Cases by State as of June 30, 2020 NAHQ News and Media, News: Shaping the Future of the Healthcare Quality Profession, Paragraph 5:
The Role of the Quality Improvement Coordinator
NAHQ Resources, Healthcare Quality Solutions: Ready Your Workforce for Quality, Page 5: The Role of the Quality Improvement Coordinator
質問 # 62
Attribute data are discrete whole numbers and not continuous.
Examples of attribute data plotted as ratio data on u-charts include figures such as:
- A. Percentage of patients readmitted to the hospital within 30 days
- B. Percentage of surgical compilations divided by the percentage number of surgeries
- C. Total number of patient falls per patient day
- D. Total number of medication errors per total number of pneumonia patients
正解：C、D
質問 # 63
When continuing unique events, one uses a p-chart. The number plotted on a chart would be either a proportion or a
percentage. When counting total events (e.g., the number of falls per patient day each month), one plots a ratio on a
u-chart. Examples of attributes data plotted as percentage on p-charts include figures such as:
- A. Percentage of patients discharged
- B. Percentage of scripts that had one or more medication errors
- C. Percentage of visits by every patient
- D. Percentage of patients who died
正解：B、D
質問 # 64
The best way a healthcare organization can measure whether it is meeting its goals and targets is to compare its performance:
- A. Against itself over time
- B. With other healthcare organizations of its status
- C. With the world's top healthcare organizations
- D. Benchmarking
正解：D
質問 # 65
Convenience sampling produces a biased sample that is basically a collection of anecdotes that cannot be applied
generally to larger populations. Convenience sampling is also known as:
- A. Judgment sampling
- B. Quota sampling
- C. Expert sampling
- D. Chunk sampling
正解：D
質問 # 66
One of the difficult things about quality is explaining how _________ is different from a process or system.
- A. Methods
- B. Tools
- C. A and B are same
- D. Control
正解：C
質問 # 67
The main goal of a clinical pathway/guideline Is lo
- A. ensure precise treatment plans are followed.
- B. document practitioner variances.
- C. assist in documentation of care.
- D. guide the patient's care toward identified outcomes.
正解：D
解説：
A clinical pathway/guideline is a tool that helps healthcare providers to deliver evidence-based, patient- centered, and standardized care for a specific condition or population12.
The main goal of a clinical pathway/guideline is to improve the quality and consistency of care, reduce unnecessary variations, optimize outcomes, and enhance patient satisfaction123.
A clinical pathway/guideline is not meant to assist in documentation of care (option A), although it may include documentation requirements as part of the quality improvement process1.
A clinical pathway/guideline is not meant to document practitioner variances (option B), although it may allow for deviations from the recommended care based on individual patient needs and preferences, clinical judgment, and resource availability12. Variances should be monitored and evaluated for their impact on outcomes and quality1.
A clinical pathway/guideline is not meant to ensure precise treatment plans are followed (option D), although it may provide recommendations for specific interventions, tests, or medications based on the best available evidence12. A clinical pathway/guideline should be flexible and adaptable to the local context and the patient's situation12.
Reference: 1: Clinical Pathways 2: NICE clinical guidelines 3: Clinical Practice Guidelines
質問 # 68
Health plan databases are an excellent source of data for quality improvement projects particular projects that have _______________.
For many years, health plans have used a variety of means to collect data on their performance, track the management of care received by their numbers and direct program in disease management and care management.
- A. Full engagement at nursing unit
- B. A population health management focus
- C. Sophisticated data warehouses
- D. Baseline assessment
正解：B
質問 # 69
Using the Information below, which patient population Is at the highest risk tor tailing?
- A. needs help with toileting
- B. uses a cane
- C. has problems sleeping
- D. falls prior to admission
正解：D
解説：
The question is asking which patient population is at the highest risk for falling.
By analyzing the provided table, it can be observed that patients who had "falls prior to admission" have the highest number of falls after admission (30 patients) compared to other categories.
This data indicates that having a history of falls before being admitted increases the risk of falling again.
Although I don't have direct access to external websites including NAHQ, it's generally understood in healthcare quality and safety that a history of falls is a significant risk factor for future falls. This is likely supported by resources and documents on patient safety and fall prevention available on professional healthcare quality websites.
質問 # 70
Using the same operational definition becomes even more critical if you are trying to compare several hospitals or clinics in a system. When national hospitals are made, the operational definition challenge becomes extremely complex.
All good measurements begin and end with _____________.
- A. A vision
- B. An operational definition
- C. An objective and an outcome respectively
- D. A milestone
正解：B
質問 # 71
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