（PDF)ISM CPSM CORe試験と認定テストエンジン
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質問 # 28
After a small country begins permitting the import of automobiles, a foreign automobile manufacturer begins shipping cars to the country. This manufacturer can produce cars much more cheaply than the only manufacturer located in the country and therefore enjoys significant profits. What will erode the profits for the foreign manufacturer?
- A. The foreign manufacturer's per-unit costs will increase as its output increases.
- B. Other foreign manufacturers will also begin shipping cars to the country.
- C. Demand for cars in other countries will also increase.
- D. The foreign manufacturer will build a plant inside the country.
正解：B
質問 # 29
Which of the following is the MOST important function within category management?
- A. Centralizing the administration of contracts
- B. Searching for potential sources of supply
- C. Implementing a standardized sourcing process
- D. Mandating the evaluation of performance
正解：C
解説：
* Category Management Definition: Category management is a strategic approach in supply management where products or services are segmented into categories based on similar characteristics or sourcing strategies.
* Standardized Sourcing Process: Implementing a standardized sourcing process is crucial in category management because it ensures consistency, efficiency, and effectiveness in managing different categories.
* Benefits of Standardization: This process helps in achieving economies of scale, reducing costs, and improving supplier relationships by applying best practices uniformly across all categories.
* Other Functions: While evaluating performance, centralizing contract administration, and searching for new suppliers are important, they are part of the standardized sourcing process rather than standalone most important functions.
References
* ISM Professional Series: Category Management
* CIPS Knowledge on Category Management
質問 # 30
Which of the following measures can reduce multicollinearity in multiple regression? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Remove the intercept
- B. Decrease the sample size
- C. Remove one of the collinear variables
- D. Increase the sample size
- E. Change the units of one of the independent variables
正解：C、D
質問 # 31
When developing a category management plan, which of the following is the BEST reason for soliciting cross-functional input?
- A. It provides an opportunity to demonstrate non-linear leadership.
- B. It enables the category manager to resolve conflicting views and priorities for goods or services.
- C. It allows the category manager to gain important insights from the supply management team.
- D. It facilitates Input from stakeholders and other functional areas to ensure a long-term solution.
正解：D
解説：
Soliciting cross-functional input when developing a category management plan is crucial because it ensures that the plan considers the perspectives and requirements of various stakeholders and functional areas. This collaboration helps in creating a comprehensive and effective plan that addresses the needs of the entire organization, leading to more sustainable and long-term solutions.
References
* CIPS (Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply). Cross-functional Team Collaboration in Category Management.
* ISM (Institute for Supply Management). Benefits of Cross-functional Teams in Supply Management.
質問 # 32
A bank provided a $30,000 loan to fund a start-up. After six months, the new business paid
the loan off. How would the start-up record the latter transaction in its accounting books? (Ignore interest).
- A. Debit: Contributed Capital (Owners' Equity); Credit: Other payables (Liabilities)
- B. Debit: Cash (Assets); Credit: Notes payable (Liabilities)
- C. Debit: Expenses (Owners' Equity); Credit: Cash (Assets)
- D. Debit: Notes payable (Liabilities); Credit: Cash (Assets)
正解：D
質問 # 33
A supply manager for an electronics distributor is asked to buy new routers for the company's wireless network. The supply manager is provided with a detailed scope of work and a list of potential bidders.
However, the firm is also interested in investigating alternative solutions available on the market. The original equipment was purchased over 5 years ago and the budget is unknown, but it is roughly estimated at $250,000.
Given these circumstances, the MOST appropriate approach for the supply manager would be to issue which of the following?
- A. Request for information
- B. Request for proposal
- C. Invitation to bid
- D. Request for quote
正解：A
解説：
Given the circumstances, issuing a Request for Information (RFI) is the most appropriate approach. An RFI allows the supply manager to gather comprehensive information about alternative solutions available in the market. This is particularly useful since the original equipment was purchased over five years ago, and there might be new technologies and solutions that better meet the company's needs. An RFI helps in understanding the capabilities of different suppliers and the latest products before proceeding to a more detailed Request for Proposal (RFP) or Request for Quote (RFQ).
References
* ISM (Institute for Supply Management). Effective Use of RFIs in the Procurement Process.
* CIPS (Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply). Sourcing and Tendering Procedures.
質問 # 34
A director of supply management is tasked with determining where savings can be found in indirect cost categories. If needed, the company will consider hiring additional staff to negotiate and administer contracts.
Which of the following is the FIRST step the supply manager should take?
- A. Assess skills already available in supply management
- B. Develop a new supplier relationship model
- C. Identify a cross-functional team to brainstorm solutions
- D. Establish a baseline using current spend data
正解：D
解説：
The first step the supply manager should take in determining where savings can be found in indirect cost categories is to establish a baseline using current spend data. Understanding the current spending patterns provides a foundation for identifying opportunities for cost savings. It allows the supply manager to analyze spending trends, categorize expenses, and pinpoint areas where efficiencies can be improved or costs can be reduced. This data-driven approach ensures that any subsequent actions are based on accurate and comprehensive information.
References:
* Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., & Patterson, J. L. (2015). Purchasing and Supply Chain Management.
* Institute for Supply Management (ISM). (2020). ISM Glossary of Key Supply Management Terms.
質問 # 35
A supply manager issues a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for software development services. Two suppliers respond to the solicitation, and both suppliers' quotes are well above the target range. In this situation, which of the following is the FIRST course of action the supply manager should take?
- A. Share the target range with the providers and ask for requotes
- B. Negotiate with both suppliers to attempt to meet the target cost
- C. Use a BATNA option and look to develop the software in-house
- D. Postpone any negotiations with the bidders and ask the firm's stakeholders to look for ways to reduce the project scope
正解：D
解説：
When the quotes received are well above the target range, the first course of action should be to re-evaluate the project scope with the stakeholders. This step helps identify potential areas for cost reduction without compromising critical project requirements. Sharing the target range (B) or negotiating directly (D) might not address the underlying issue of an overly ambitious or misaligned project scope. Developing in-house (C) is a significant decision that requires more strategic consideration. References: Best practices in procurement and RFQ management, cost control in project management.
質問 # 36
A company has a large upcoming project. While the company has a current list of qualified suppliers capable of participating in this project, the chief procurement officer (CPO) wants supply management to conduct site visits with the suppliers under consideration. A senior supply manager is given the assignment of planning and scheduling the visits. Which of the following is the BEST way to begin this project?
- A. Select up to three suppliers to visit
- B. Establish the key evaluation criteria for the visits
- C. Submit a budget for the selection activity and site visits
- D. Select a cross-functional team to participate in the visits
正解：B
解説：
* Project Context: The CPO wants to conduct site visits with potential suppliers for a large project.
* Importance of Evaluation Criteria: Establishing key evaluation criteria is essential to ensure the visits are structured and focused.
* Initial Step: Before selecting suppliers or scheduling visits, it's crucial to know what aspects of the suppliers' operations will be evaluated.
* Evaluation Aspects: These criteria might include production capacity, quality control processes, financial stability, compliance with standards, and overall capability to meet project requirements.
* Purpose of Criteria: These criteria will guide the assessment, provide a basis for comparison, and ensure that the most suitable suppliers are chosen.
* Conclusion: Starting with clear evaluation criteria ensures a systematic and objective approach to selecting the best suppliers for the project.
References
* Supplier Evaluation and Performance Excellence: A Guide to Meaningful Metrics and Successful Results by Sherry R. Gordon.
* CIPS Guide to Supplier Appraisal and Performance Management.
質問 # 37
A company creates a corporate sourcing team with category management responsibilities. Previously, the firm had no dedicated sourcing staff, and all procurement was decentralized and transactional. The sourcing team is ready to commence its initial project. Which of the following should the team do FIRST?
- A. Deliver the project charter
- B. Assign a project lead
- C. Assemble subject matter experts
- D. Determine whom to engage
正解：A
解説：
The first step for the newly created corporate sourcing team is to deliver the project charter. This charter serves as a formal document that outlines the project's objectives, scope, stakeholders, roles, and responsibilities. It provides a clear foundation and direction for the project, ensuring all team members and stakeholders are aligned. The charter acts as a roadmap, guiding the team through the project's execution and helping to manage expectations and resources effectively.
References:
* Project Management Institute (PMI) standards on project charters.
* "Strategic Sourcing and Category Management" by Magnus Carlsson.
* Corporate sourcing best practices from CIPS (Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply).
質問 # 38
XYZ, Inc. currently has a transactional relationship with suppliers, but would like to work strategically with them. The firm wants to initially focus attention on the most critical suppliers. To do this, they should FIRST reach out to
- A. suppliers with the highest dollar sales volume
- B. suppliers rated as vital according to key department metrics
- C. suppliers with whom the firm rarely or never has face-to-face meetings
- D. suppliers with the highest unit volume
正解：B
解説：
To transition from transactional to strategic relationships with suppliers, XYZ, Inc. should first focus on suppliers rated as vital according to key department metrics. These metrics may include criteria such as supplier performance, strategic importance, criticality of the supplied materials or services, and overall impact on the firm's operations. By concentrating on these vital suppliers, the company can develop stronger, more collaborative relationships that drive mutual benefits and strategic value. References:
* "Purchasing and Supply Chain Management" by Robert M. Monczka, Robert B. Handfield, Larry C.
Giunipero, and James L. Patterson
* Institute for Supply Management (ISM) guidelines on supplier relationship management and strategic sourcing
質問 # 39
A supply manager Is evaluating bids for a new delivery van. Supplier J, which has provided similar equipment in the past, quotes a price of $50,000. Supplier K quotes a price of $52,500, but Includes an offer to buy back the van at the end of five years for $3,000. Both suppliers' bids meet specifications and delivery requirements.
At a 10% opportunity cost of capital, and with the 5-year present value of $1 at $.62, which supplier should the supply manager choose, and why?
- A. Supplier K, to save money over the van's life cycle
- B. Supplier J, as it provides the best value
- C. Supplier K, as the firm will save $500
- D. Supplier J, based on prior satisfactory performance
正解：A
解説：
* Context: Evaluating bids for a delivery van with consideration of cost and potential buyback offers.
* Cost Calculation:
* Supplier J: $50,000
* Supplier K: $52,500 with a $3,000 buyback.
* Opportunity Cost: The present value (PV) factor for 5 years at 10% is 0.62.
* Supplier K's Net Cost: $52,500 - ($3,000 * 0.62) = $52,500 - $1,860 = $50,640
* Comparison: Supplier J's cost is $50,000, Supplier K's effective cost is $50,640.
* Lifecycle Savings: Supplier K offers a buyback, which provides future value and offsets initial higher cost.
* Conclusion: Over the van's life cycle, Supplier K's offer results in cost savings considering the buyback.
References
* Capital Budgeting Techniques by Brigham and Ehrhardt.
* Present Value calculations and decision-making in procurement.
質問 # 40
DEF, Inc. is a multinational oil company expanding into a new geographic region. The firm's policy is to purchase locally for its operations whenever possible. Thus, DEF needs to find sources of materials, basic equipment, and standard bulk items within the new region. Given this situation, which of the following is the BEST way for DEF to proceed?
- A. Issue a Request for Information (RFI) followed by a purchase order
- B. Hold a supplier conference followed by a Request for Information (RFI)
- C. Issue a Request for Information (RFI) followed by a Request for Quotation (RFQ)
- D. Hold a supplier conference followed by a Request for Quotation (RFQ)
正解：C
解説：
* Need for Local Suppliers: DEF, Inc. is looking for local sources of materials, equipment, and bulk items in a new geographic region.
* RFI Process: Issuing an RFI allows DEF to gather information about potential suppliers in the new region, understanding their capabilities and offerings.
* RFQ Process: Following the RFI with an RFQ enables DEF to obtain detailed quotations from the shortlisted suppliers based on the information gathered, ensuring competitive pricing and terms.
* Strategic Sourcing: This approach aligns with strategic sourcing principles by thoroughly understanding the supplier market before seeking quotations.
References
* CIPS. (n.d.). Effective Use of RFIs and RFQs in Procurement.
* APQC. (2019). Best Practices in Supplier Selection and Evaluation.
質問 # 41
The standard deviation of a given population is 3.5 with a mean of 26. Assuming the population follows a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of the population will fall between 15.5 and 36.5?
- A. 99.7%
- B. 99.9%
- C. 95.0%
- D. 68.0%
正解：A
質問 # 42
A chemical company develops a new product that relies heavily on quartz, a common and abundant mineral.
The company believes that the new product is critical to its financial success and future growth. In developing a sourcing strategy for quartz, the company supply manager should focus PRIMARILY on
- A. using volume and economies of scale to minimize price
- B. ensuring long-term availability of supply
- C. reducing exposure to price increases or supply disruption
- D. streamlining the supply management process to achieve efficiency
正解：B
解説：
For a chemical company that relies heavily on quartz, which is a common and abundant mineral, the supply manager should focus PRIMARILY on A. ensuring long-term availability of supply. This focus is crucial because the success and growth of the new product depend on the consistent availability of quartz. While price and efficiency are important considerations, the primary concern should be securing a reliable supply chain that can support the company's long-term production needs12.
質問 # 43
The table below shows sales data from The Geller Company for the month of January. The company's manager is interested in calculating the average number of units each salesperson sold on their respective sales trips during the month. In total, the five salespeople took at total of 31 sales trips at various times during the month of January.
Which formula below would the manager use to correctly calculate the average number of units Anne sold on her sales trips?
- A. =AVERAGEIF(A2:A32,E2,C2:C32)
- B. =AVERAGEIF(A2:A32,E2,B2:B32)
- C. =AVERAGEIF(B2:B32,E2,C2:C32)
- D. =AVERAGE(B2:B32,E2,C2:C32)
正解：C
質問 # 44
The data below is a sampling of the percentage of smokers in a country's population.
Suppose an additional country were added to the data with a smoking rate of 22.5%.
How would the mean and median be affected?
- A. The mean and median would remain the same.
- B. Both the mean and median would increase.
- C. The mean would decrease and the median would increase.
- D. Both the mean and median would decrease.
正解：C
質問 # 45
A company believes a "low-cost" strategy would help increase revenues. The company lowers the price of its product but actually sees a decrease in revenues. What information could explain this result?
- A. The company failed to cut costs significantly.
- B. The market is in an economic boom.
- C. The demand for the product is relatively inelastic.
- D. The company's product is not perceived as a necessity.
正解：C
質問 # 46
A state university is looking to purchase equipment to scan books and manuscripts into a digital format.
Several variations of this equipment exist in the marketplace, and the university has not decided which format is best for their needs. There is also a possibility that the cost for additional storage requirements will be shared with the state. Given this situation, which of the following is the FIRST course of action the university should take?
- A. Issue a Request for Proposal (RFP)
- B. Conduct a joint suppliers' conference with the state government
- C. Negotiate an agreement with the state government to share storage costs
- D. Issue a Request for Information (RFI)
正解：D
解説：
* Identification of Need: The university needs to purchase equipment to digitize books and manuscripts.
* Market Variations: Several variations of the required equipment exist in the marketplace, indicating a need to understand the different options available.
* Undecided Format: The university has not decided which format is best, necessitating information gathering on different formats and their benefits.
* Cost Sharing Possibility: There is a possibility that the cost for additional storage will be shared with the state, adding another layer of complexity.
* First Course of Action: In such situations, the most appropriate first step is to gather comprehensive information on the available options. An RFI is a tool designed to collect information from suppliers about their products and services. It helps the university understand what is available in the market, the capabilities of different suppliers, and the possible costs and benefits of various options.
* Next Steps: After the RFI, the university can better determine their specific needs and proceed with more targeted procurement processes such as an RFP.
References
* ISM Glossary of Key Supply Management Terms
* CIPS Procurement and Supply Cycle
質問 # 47
A buyer for ABC, Inc. meets with a sales representative from XYZ Company to discuss the purchase of a product. The sales representative provides documentation to the buyer that the product will meet or exceed the specifications required by ABC. Based on thi information, the buyer places an order with XYZ.
However, upon inspection of the received product, the buyer learns that it does not meet ABC's specifications and cannot be used for the intended purpose. Which of the following is TRUE in this situation?
- A. ABC should sell the product to a third party and use the funds to procure items that meet the required specifications.
- B. ABC can do nothing, as the salesperson's claim was an opinion and did not create a warranty.
- C. ABC's design team should change the specifications to allow the product to be used and avoid further delay.
- D. ABC should return the goods for a full refund because the promise made by the seller created an express warranty.
正解：D
解説：
* Sales Representative's Promise: The sales representative from XYZ Company provided documentation that the product would meet or exceed ABC's specifications.
* Express Warranty: An express warranty is created when a seller makes a promise or provides assurance that a product will meet certain standards or specifications.
* Non-Conforming Goods: Upon inspection, the product did not meet the required specifications and could not be used for its intended purpose.
* Buyer's Rights: Under the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) and similar laws, the buyer has the right to return non-conforming goods and seek a full refund when an express warranty has been breached.
* Conclusion: ABC is entitled to return the product and receive a full refund due to the breach of the express warranty.
References
* UCC (Uniform Commercial Code). (n.d.). Article 2 - Sales.
* ISM. (n.d.). Managing Warranties and Product Non-Conformance.
質問 # 48
Which of the following activities will NOT cause total assets to increase?
- A. Paying a $300,000 insurance expense for the next three years
- B. Raising $200,000 by issuing new shares of common stock
- C. Borrowing $200,000 from a local bank
- D. Purchasing a piece of equipment for $100,000 on credit
正解：A
質問 # 49
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