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質問 # 104
A music executive is trying to determine the effect that advertising expenditures (in dollars) have on digital music sales. After gathering sales data from the previous 12 quarters, the executive finds the effect that advertising expenditures have on digital music sales can be described by the following equation:
Digital music sales = 9,500 + 0.15*(advertising expenditures)
Based on this equation, which of the statements below is correct?
- A. Each additional $1.00 spent on advertising increases digital music sales by $0.15 on average.
- B. Each additional $0.15 spent on advertising increases digital music sales by $1.00 on average.
- C. Each additional $1.00 spent on advertising increases digital music sales by 9,500 units on average.
- D. Each additional $1,000 spent on advertising increases digital music sales by $0.15 on average.
正解：A
質問 # 105
Company A is a large passenger airline. As part of their annual internal budget process they do a sensitivity analysis of their revenue forecast over their existing routes and schedules. The analysis evaluates the impact of a three percent decline in passenger revenue compared to a three percent increase. Which of the following expenses would show the largest change in the analysis?
- A. Depreciation and amortization expense
- B. Salary expenses for flight crew
- C. Income tax expense
- D. Aircraft maintenance expense
正解：C
質問 # 106
PQR Inc. sponsors numerous large events involving all of its divisions. PQR's supply manager proposes that the firm coordinate this spend to bring significant savings and simplify administration. However, PQR's top management believes that each division would prefer to deal with its own event planners. In this situation, which of the following is the BEST course of action for the supply manager to take?
- A. Invite leading suppliers to make presentations to management
- B. Assemble a team representing all divisions to discuss future meeting needs
- C. Implement the proposed program on a trial basis and evaluate the results
- D. Gather updated information and re-introduce the proposal to top management
正解：B
解説：
* Current Situation: PQR Inc. sponsors large events, and there's a proposal to coordinate the spend across all divisions for savings and simplified administration.
* Top Management's Concern: Each division prefers dealing with its own event planners.
* Inclusive Approach: Assembling a team with representatives from all divisions allows for a collaborative discussion on future meeting needs.
* Collective Decision Making: This approach ensures that all divisions have input and can address concerns, leading to a more accepted and effective coordination strategy.
References
* ISM. (n.d.). Cross-Functional Teams in Procurement.
* CIPS. (n.d.). Coordinating Spend and Collaboration Across Divisions.
質問 # 107
A supply management office for a county government has been authorized to select a contractor to design, build and operate a new bridge. In the past, the county has experienced four major problems when hiring contractors:
1)Contractors dropping out of the bidding process due to lack of resources or ability to perform the scope of the work
2)A limited number of competitive bids that are able to achieve the value supply management desires
3)Underperformance of contractors after the award
4)The perception that the contractors are not operating effectively
In order to prevent these problems, which of the following should supply management do FIRST?
- A. Conduct a pre-bid conference
- B. Issue a Request for Qualifications
- C. Issue a Request for Information
- D. Issue an Invitation for Bid
正解：B
解説：
To address the problems encountered in past projects, issuing a Request for Qualifications (RFQ) is the best initial step. An RFQ allows the supply management office to pre-qualify contractors based on their ability to perform the required work, available resources, past performance, and other relevant criteria. This step helps ensure that only capable and reliable contractors are invited to bid, which can mitigate the risks of contractors dropping out, underperformance, and the perception of ineffectiveness. Additionally, it can increase the chances of receiving competitive bids that meet the desired value. References:
* "Contractor's Guide to Change Orders" by Andrew M. Civitello Jr.
* "Construction Contracting: A Practical Guide to Company Management" by Richard H. Clough, Glenn A. Sears, and S. Keoki Sears
質問 # 108
As interest rates rise, what will MOST likely be the effect on supply?
- A. Bond prices will rise, forcing suppliers to pay more for capital investments.
- B. The risk of supplier stock outs will increase due to higher costs of holding inventory.
- C. Suppliers will lock in raw material prices in anticipation of price increases.
- D. Suppliers will delay shipments by selling to other customers.
正解：B
解説：
As interest rates rise, the cost of borrowing and the opportunity cost of holding inventory increase. Suppliers are likely to reduce their inventory levels to minimize these costs, which in turn raises the risk of stock outs.
Higher holding costs make it less attractive for suppliers to maintain large inventories, leading them to operate with leaner stock levels. This can cause delays and shortages if demand unexpectedly increases or if there are disruptions in the supply chain. References:
* Financial Management: Theory & Practice by Eugene F. Brigham and Michael C. Ehrhardt.
* Inventory Management and Production Planning and Scheduling by Edward A. Silver, David F. Pyke, and Rein Peterson.
質問 # 109
A buyer for DEF, Inc. has been exceeding spending authority on agreements with several new suppliers.
Which of the following Is an accurate statement regarding DEF's liability in this situation?
- A. DEF is responsible for the agreements if the buyer exceeded actual authority, but the suppliers perceived the spend to be within apparent authority.
- B. DEF is responsible for the agreement if the buyer exceeded actual and apparent authority levels, but only for a value equal to the apparent authority amount.
- C. DEF is fully liable for the agreements, as the buyer is an employee of the company.
- D. DEF is only liable for an amount equal to the buyer's actual authority level.
正解：A
解説：
When a buyer exceeds their spending authority, the company's liability depends on the nature of the authority and the perception of the suppliers.
* DEF is only liable for an amount equal to the buyer's actual authority level: This is not entirely accurate as it does not consider apparent authority.
* DEF is fully liable for the agreements, as the buyer is an employee of the company: This disregards the limits of authority set by the company.
* DEF is responsible for the agreements if the buyer exceeded actual authority, but the suppliers perceived the spend to be within apparent authority: This is accurate as apparent authority refers to the authority a third party perceives the agent to have, even if it exceeds their actual authority.
* DEF is responsible for the agreement if the buyer exceeded actual and apparent authority levels, but only for a value equal to the apparent authority amount: This statement mixes concepts and is not correct.
Therefore, DEF is responsible for the agreements if the buyer exceeded actual authority, but the suppliers perceived the spend to be within apparent authority.
References:
* Contract law principles regarding actual and apparent authority.
* Case studies on organizational liability for employees' actions.
質問 # 110
The use of procurement cards to simplify purchases of low cost/low complexity items is BEST suited for which of the following categories of spend?
- A. Strategic
- B. Tactical
- C. Leverage
- D. Critical
正解：B
解説：
The use of procurement cards is best suited for tactical spend, which involves low cost/low complexity items.
These items do not require extensive procurement processes and can be efficiently managed through procurement cards, simplifying the purchase and payment processes. Leverage, critical, and strategic spend categories typically involve more complex and higher-value transactions that require more thorough procurement procedures. References: Procurement best practices, procurement card program guidelines.
質問 # 111
Which of the following is MOST important to address in an exit plan when an organization Is transitioning to a new supplier?
- A. Determining how assets will be transferred or sold
- B. Identifying how costs will be shared
- C. Ensuring continuity of supply
- D. Defining ownership and destruction of data
正解：C
解説：
When transitioning to a new supplier, the most critical aspect to address in an exit plan is ensuring continuity of supply. This means making sure that there are no interruptions in the availability of materials or services during the transition period. Addressing this ensures that the organization's operations continue smoothly without any supply chain disruptions.
References
* CIPS (Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply). Managing supplier transitions.
* ISM (Institute for Supply Management). Supply continuity planning.
質問 # 112
To improve supplier innovations, a firm plans to conduct supply market research, identify emerging technologies, and analyze the capabilities of current and potential suppliers. Which of the following would be the MOST effective way to accomplish this goal?
- A. Redesign the firm's supplier scorecards
- B. Conduct business review meetings
- C. Reorganize the research and development department
- D. Form a center of excellence
正解：D
解説：
To improve supplier innovations, the firm aims to conduct supply market research, identify emerging technologies, and analyze supplier capabilities.
* Forming a center of excellence can centralize expertise, drive innovation, and coordinate efforts to stay updated on market trends and emerging technologies.
* Reorganizing the research and development department might help but does not specifically focus on supplier innovations.
* Conducting business review meetings can provide insights but may not be sufficient for a comprehensive innovation strategy.
* Redesigning the firm's supplier scorecards can improve performance tracking but is not directly related to driving innovation.
A center of excellence is the most effective way to centralize efforts, leverage expertise, and systematically drive supplier innovations.
References:
* APQC (American Productivity & Quality Center) guidelines on establishing centers of excellence.
* Research on the role of centers of excellence in driving innovation and supply chain management.
質問 # 113
Which of the following Is the BEST way to address a supplier's service performance and product quality during an annual business review?
- A. A report on actual spend in comparison with original projections
- B. A scorecard based on internal surveys
- C. A site visit to verify supplier capabilities
- D. An industry report on market conditions
正解：B
解説：
* Annual Business Review Focus: The goal is to address a supplier's service performance and product quality.
* Using a Scorecard: A scorecard based on internal surveys provides a structured and comprehensive way to evaluate and communicate performance metrics.
* Feedback Collection: Internal surveys gather feedback from various departments that interact with the supplier, offering a holistic view of their performance.
* Performance Metrics: The scorecard includes key performance indicators (KPIs) that are relevant to service performance and product quality, facilitating objective assessment and discussion during the review.
References
* ISM (Institute for Supply Management). (n.d.). Supplier Performance Metrics and Scorecards.
* APQC. (2018). Using Scorecards for Supplier Performance Management.
質問 # 114
At what point in the development of a category strategy should spend review occur?
- A. After development of the sourcing team
- B. During validation of the savings or contribution
- C. After key internal stakeholders agree on sourcing priorities
- D. After presentation of the strategy to senior management
正解：B
解説：
* Category Strategy Development: Involves analyzing spend, defining sourcing priorities, and forming a strategy.
* Spend Review: Critical to understand current expenditures and identify savings opportunities.
* Timing: Conducting spend review during the validation phase ensures that the projected savings or contributions are realistic and achievable.
* Validation Phase: This phase involves confirming that the strategic approach will deliver the expected benefits.
* Sequence: Conducting spend review after stakeholder agreement, team development, or strategy presentation might miss critical insights needed for validation.
* Conclusion: Spend review should occur during the validation of the savings or contribution to ensure the strategy is grounded in accurate financial analysis.
References
* Category Management in Purchasing by Jonathan O'Brien.
* The Procurement and Supply Manager's Desk Reference by Fred Sollish and John Semanik.
* CIPS Category Management Guide.
質問 # 115
After thorough market research, a company discovers that there are three well-defined customer segments for a new product it plans to release. Customer segment A represents young professionals, who each have a willingness to pay (WTP) of $45. Customer segment B represents college students, who each have a WTP of $25. Customer segment C represents mid-career professionals, who each have a WTP of $100. What price should the company charge for its new product in order to maximize revenues? Assume that each customer segment has the same number of individual customers.
- A. $25
- B. $45
- C. $100
- D. $70
正解：C
解説：
質問 # 116
Which of the following is the MOST important function within category management?
- A. Mandating the evaluation of performance
- B. Centralizing the administration of contracts
- C. Searching for potential sources of supply
- D. Implementing a standardized sourcing process
正解：D
解説：
* Category Management Definition: Category management is a strategic approach in supply management where products or services are segmented into categories based on similar characteristics or sourcing strategies.
* Standardized Sourcing Process: Implementing a standardized sourcing process is crucial in category management because it ensures consistency, efficiency, and effectiveness in managing different categories.
* Benefits of Standardization: This process helps in achieving economies of scale, reducing costs, and improving supplier relationships by applying best practices uniformly across all categories.
* Other Functions: While evaluating performance, centralizing contract administration, and searching for new suppliers are important, they are part of the standardized sourcing process rather than standalone most important functions.
References
* ISM Professional Series: Category Management
* CIPS Knowledge on Category Management
質問 # 117
A manager at an internet retailer wants to determine whether a recent change in the company's supply chain strategy has affected the amount of time it takes for an order to reach a customer. The historical average amount of time from placing the order to final delivery is 5.2 days. A random sample of 60 orders taken after the implementation of the new strategy indicates an average delivery time of 4.5 days with a standard deviation of 1.4 days. The manager wishes to perform a hypothesis test at a 95% confidence level. Which option represents the correct calculation for the range of likely sample means? Please note that the function for confidence intervals in Excel is =CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha, standard_dev, size).
- A. =5.2 +- CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.05,1.4,60)
- B. =4.5 +- CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.05,1.4,60)
- C. =4.5 +- CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.025,1.4,60)
- D. =5.2 +- CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.025,1.4,60)
正解：A
質問 # 118
RST, Inc. is a global electronics manufacturer which has purchased electronic assemblies from Supplier X for many years. RST has experienced occasional quality problems with these assemblies, and these problems have caused significant delays in production. Because RST's senior management regards Supplier X as a loyal supplier, the firm has not looked to replace it. Nevertheless, RST's supply manager feels that Supplier X has become complacent in Its relationship with RST and is behind the market in important technological advances.
Which of the following should the supply manager do FIRST to convince RST's senior management to re-source the electronic assemblies?
- A. Begin the seven-step strategic sourcing process
- B. Perform an on-site quality assessment of Supplier X
- C. Present a value analysis of Supplier X to both RST's and Supplier X's senior management
- D. Present a global business case to senior management, as the market for the assemblies is international
正解：D
解説：
To convince senior management to re-source electronic assemblies, the supply manager should present a global business case. This approach considers the international market dynamics and highlights the competitive disadvantage of continuing with a supplier that has quality issues and lacks technological advancements. Presenting a value analysis (A), performing an on-site quality assessment (C), or starting the strategic sourcing process (D) are useful steps but might not be as compelling initially as a comprehensive business case. References: Strategic sourcing best practices, supplier evaluation criteria, global market analysis in procurement.
質問 # 119
Which of the following financial indices may be used to infer the typical mark-up percentages used by a firm?
- A. Gross profit margin
- B. Quick ratio
- C. Current ratio
- D. Times interest earned
正解：A
解説：
The financial index that may be used to infer the typical mark-up percentages used by a firm is D. Gross profit margin. The gross profit margin is a financial metric that reflects the percentage of revenue that exceeds the cost of goods sold, which is essentially the mark-up over the cost1. It is used to assess a firm's financial health by indicating how much profit the company makes for each dollar of sales after paying for the production of the goods.
質問 # 120
A ski coach is interested in estimating the 68% confidence interval around the mean time (in seconds) of all the gold medal winners in Olympic downhill skiing. The coach collects the data, presented below, for all of the winners from 1948 to 2014. The mean of the sample is 122.5 seconds, with a standard deviation of 23 seconds. Which Excel function below is the BEST option for determining the 68% confidence interval?
Please note that the Excel functions for confidence intervals are =CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha, standard_dev, size) and =CONFIDENCE.T(alpha, standard_dev, size).
- A. = 122.5 +- CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.68,23,18)
- B. = 122.5 +- CONFIDENCE.T(0.68,23,18)
- C. = 122.5 +- CONFIDENCE.T(0.32,23,18)
- D. = 122.5 +- CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.32,23,18)
正解：C
質問 # 121
A company wants to sell an extremely rare antique. The company does not know how highly consumers value the antique, but it knows that any single consumer's value will rise if the consumer believes other people have a high value for the antique. How should the company sell the item to maximize its price?
- A. Conduct either a Vickrey (sealed second-price) auction or a sealed first-price auction
- B. Conduct a sealed first-price auction
- C. Conduct a Vickrey (sealed second-price) auction
- D. Conduct an English (open outcry) auction
正解：D
質問 # 122
Which of the following options is an example of owner's equity?
- A. Obligation to pay common stock dividends that have already been declared
- B. Long-term equity investment in another company
- C. Cash raised by issuing bonds
- D. Additional paid-in capital
正解：D
質問 # 123
After a bid process concludes and an award is made, there should be a debriefing process that involves
- A. informing end users of the specific pricing provided by all of the bidders and notifying third party organizations of the unsuccessful bidders
- B. informing unsuccessful bidders they were not awarded the contract and notifying end users of the successful supplier
- C. advising the unsuccessful bidders to resubmit proposals
- D. advising the successful bidder to review the contract terms
正解：B
解説：
After a bid process concludes and an award is made, it is important to inform unsuccessful bidders that they were not awarded the contract and notify the end users of the successful supplier. This debriefing process maintains transparency and professionalism. Unsuccessful bidders should be given feedback on why their bids were not selected to help them improve future proposals, while end users need to know which supplier will be fulfilling the contract to ensure smooth coordination and implementation.
References:
* CIPS (Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply). (2021). Procurement and Supply Chain Management.
* National Institute of Governmental Purchasing (NIGP). (2018). Public Procurement Guide.
質問 # 124
A supply manager for DEF Inc. meets with the firm's operations team to discuss the requirements for a new piece of equipment. The team establishes the specifications, and the supply manager begins contacting suppliers. The supply manager finds that almost everything specified is outside the normal features of the equipment and will require custom modifications. These modifications will raise the cost to 2.5 times the amount budgeted. In this situation, which of the following should the supply manager do?
- A. Source new suppliers for the equipment with better prices
- B. Negotiate with the suppliers to get a price closer to the budgeted cost
- C. Review the specifications to ensure alignment between what is available and what is requested
- D. Purchase the equipment as specified by the operations team and quoted by the suppliers
正解：C
解説：
* Initial Situation: The operations team at DEF Inc. established specifications for a new piece of equipment.
* Finding Suppliers: The supply manager discovers that the specified features are outside normal equipment standards and require costly custom modifications.
* Cost Concern: These modifications will significantly increase the cost, exceeding the budget by 2.5 times.
* Review Specifications: The supply manager should first review the specifications with the operations team to determine if all requested features are essential or if adjustments can be made to align with standard offerings.
* Align with Market Availability: Ensuring that specifications are realistic and align with what is commonly available can help manage costs and meet budget constraints.
References
* ISM. (n.d.). Cost Management and Control in Procurement.
* CIPS. (n.d.). Effective Specification Management.
質問 # 125
Which of the following options impact the balances shown in the investing section of the statement of cash flows? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Proceeds from issuance of common stock
- B. Payments made in connection with business acquisitions
- C. Sale of investment securities
- D. Stock based compensation expense
- E. Financing working capital
正解：B、C
質問 # 126
A company had beginning total owners' equity of $350,000. During the year, the company raised $80,000 by issuing new shares of common stock. The net income of current year is
$120,000. No dividend was declared or paid during the year. What is the amount of total owners' equity the company should report on its end-of-year balance sheet?
- A. $430,000
- B. $390,000
- C. $470,000
- D. $550,000
正解：D
質問 # 127
A company had the following trial balance on Dec. 31, 2013:
What is the company's net income for 2013?
- A. $45,000
- B. $95,000
- C. $170,000
- D. $120,000
正解：B
質問 # 128
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